Dextroamphetamine

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

UK: Dexedrine.

North America

Canada: Dexedrine; USA: Dexedrine, Dextramphetamine.

Drug combinations

Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine

Chemistry

Dextroamphetamine Sulfate: (C~9~H~13~N)~2~ H~2~SO~4~. Mw: 368.49 (1) Benzeneethanamine, α-methyl-, (S)-, sulfate (2:1); (2)(+)-α-Methylphenethylamine sulfate (2:1). CAS-51-63-8, CAS-51-64-9 (dextroamphetamine).

Pharmacologic Category

Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and Cerebral Stimulants; Amphetamines. (ATC-Code: N06BA02).

Mechanism of action

Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine from the synapse, thus increasing the amount of circulating dopamine and norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex to reticular activating system. Inhibits action of monoamine oxidase and causes catecholamines to be released. Peripheral actions include elevated blood pressure, weak bronchodilator, and respiratory stimulant action.

Therapeutic use

Narcolepsy. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Use with caution in pregnant women. Contraindicated in lactation.

Unlabeled use

Exogenous obesity. Depression. Abnormal behavioral syndrome in children (minimal brain dysfunction).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to dextroamphetamine, other sympathomimetic amines, or any component of the formulation. Advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, moderate-to-severe hypertension. Hyperthyroidism. Glaucoma. Agitated states. History of drug abuse. During or within 14 days following MAO inhibitor therapy.

Warnings and precautions

These products should be avoided in known serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems which could increase the risk of sudden death which these conditions alone carry. Difficulty in accommodation and blurred vision reported with use of stimulants. Potential for drug dependency. Prolonged use may lead to drug dependency. Use is contraindicated in history of ethanol or drug abuse. Use with caution in hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions which might be exacerbated by increases in blood pressure or heart rate. Use is contraindicated in moderate to severe hypertension. Use with caution in pre-existing psychosis or bipolar disorder (may induce mixed/manic episode). May exacerbate symptoms of behavior and thought disorder in psychotic patients. New onset psychosis or mania may occur with stimulant use. Use with caution in history of seizure disorder (may lower seizure threshold leading to new onset or breakthrough seizure activity). Use with caution in Tourette’s syndrome (stimulants may unmask tics). Appetite suppression may occur. Use of stimulants has been associated with suppression of growth. Products may contain tartrazine. Abrupt discontinuation following high doses or for prolonged periods may result in withdrawal symptoms.

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