Hyoscyamine
- Atc Codes:A03BA03
- CAS Codes:101-31-5#6835-16-1#620-61-1
- PHARMGKB ID:101-31-5#6835-16-1#620-61-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Denmark: Egazil Duretter; Finland: Egazil Duretter; Hungary: Buscopan; Sweden: Egazil.
North America
Canada: Hyoscyaminun; USA: Anaspaz, HyoMax, Hyosine, Levbid, Levsin, Symax.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Hyoscyamine: C~17~H~23~NO~3~. Mw: 289.37. (1) Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, [3(S)-endo]-; (2) 1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-ol (-)-tropate (ester). CAS-101-31-5.
Hyoscyamine Sulfate: (C~17~H~23~NO~3~)~2~ H~2~SO~4~ 2H~2~O. Mw: 712.85. Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, [3(S)-endo]-, sulfate (2:1), dihydrate. CAS-6835-16-1; CAS-620-61-1 (anhydrous).
Pharmacologic Category
Anticholinergic Agents; Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics. (ATC-Code: A03BA03).
Mechanism of action
Blocks action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and CNS. Increases cardiac output, dries secretions, antagonizes histamine and serotonin.
Therapeutic use
Adjunctive therapy for peptic ulcers, irritable bowel, neurogenic bladder/bowel. Treatment of infant colic, GI tract disorders caused by spasm. Reduction of rigidity, tremors, sialorrhea, and hyperhidrosis associated with parkinsonism. As a drying agent in acute rhinitis. Pre-operative antimuscarinic to reduce secretions and block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes. Improvement of radiologic visibility of kidneys. Symptomatic relief of biliary and renal colic. Reduction of GI motility to facilitate diagnostic procedures (i.e. endoscopy, hypotonic duodenography). Reduction of pain and hypersecretion in pancreatitis, certain cases of partial heart block associated with vagal activity. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Crosses placenta. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Use not recommended during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to belladonna alkaloids or any component of the formulation. Glaucoma. Obstructive uropathy. Myasthenia gravis. Obstructive GI tract disease, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony of elderly or debilitated patients, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis. Unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage, myocardial ischemia.
Warnings and precautions
May cause drowsiness and/or blurred vision. Diarrhea might be a sign of incomplete intestinal obstruction. Use caution in increased environmental temperature (heat prostration). Psychosis reported in extreme sensitivity to anticholinergic effects. Use with caution in coronary artery disease, tachyarrhythmias, heart failure, or hypertension, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis, hyperthyroidism, autonomic neuropathy, prostatic hyperplasia, renal impairment. Use with caution in the elderly, and in children with spastic paralysis. Some dosage forms may contain phenylalanine.