Acetazolamide
- Atc Codes:S01EC01
- CAS Codes:59-66-5#1424-27-7
- PHARMGKB ID:59-66-5#1424-27-7
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Acetazolamid, Diamox; Belgium: Diamox; Cyprus: Acetazolamide; Czech Republic: Diluran; Denmark: Diamox; Finland: Diamox, Ödemin; France: Defiltran, Diamox; Germany: Acemit, Diamox, Glaupax; Greece: Acetazolamide, Genephamide; Hungary: Huma-Zolamide; Ireland: Diamox; Italy: Diamox; Latvia: Diacarb; Lithuania: Diacarb; Luxembourg: Diamox; Malta: Diamox; Netherlands: Acetazolamide, Diamox; Poland: Diuramid; Portugal: Carbinib; Romania: Acetazolamida; Slovakia: Diluran; Spain: Edemox; Sweden: Diamox; UK: Diamox.
North America
Canada: Acetazolamide, Diamox; USA: Acetazolamide, Diamox.
Latin America
Argentina: Diamox; Brazil: Diamox; Mexico: Aceta-Diazol, Akezol.
Asia
Japan: Diamox.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Acetazolamide: C~4~H~6~N~4~O~3~S~2~. Mw: 222.25. (1) Acetamide, N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-; (2) N-(5-Sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide. CAS-59-66-5.
Acetazolamide Sodium: C~4~H~5~N~4~NaO~3~S~2~. Mw: 244.23. N-(5-Sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide monosodium salt. CAS-1424-27-7.
Pharmacologic Category
Anticonvulsants; Diuretics; Antiglaucoma Agents; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. (ATC-Code: S01EC01).
Mechanism of action
Reversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA), reducing hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubule and increasing renal excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water to decrease production of aqueous humor. Also inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS to retard abnormal and excessive discharge from CNS neurons.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of glaucoma (chronic simple open-angle, secondary glaucoma, preoperatively in acute angle-closure). Adjunctive therapy in drug-induced edema or edema due to congestive heart failure. Centroencephalic epilepsies. Prevention or amelioration of symptoms associated with acute mountain sickness.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Not recommended during pregnancy or lactation.
Unlabeled use
Urine alkalinization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Metabolic alkalosis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to acetazolamide, sulfonamides, or any component of the formulation. Hepatic disease or insufficiency. Decreased sodium and/or potassium levels. Adrenocortical insufficiency. Cirrhosis. Hyperchloremic acidosis. Severe renal disease or dysfunction. Severe pulmonary obstruction. Long-term use in noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma.
Warnings and precautions
Risk of suicidality (suicidal behavior or ideation). Impairment of mental alertness and/or physical coordination may occur. Contraindicated in sulfonylurea allergy. Caution in pre-diabetes or diabetes mellitus (change in glucose control), hepatic dysfunction (avoid electrolyte and acid/base imbalances in cirrhosis), and respiratory acidosis. Intramuscular administration is not recommended (painful).