Alprazolam
- Atc Codes:N05BA12
- CAS Codes:28981-97-7
- PHARMGKB ID:28981-97-7
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Alprastad, Alprazolam, Xanor; Belgium: Alpraz, Alprazolam, Alprazomed, Docalprazo, Topazolam, Xanax; Bulgaria: Sophanax, Xanax, Zolarem; Cyprus: Nalion, Renax, Xanax, Zolaram; Czech Republic: Alprazolam, Frontin, Helex, Neurol, Xanax; Denmark: Alprazolam, Alprox, Tafil; Estonia: Alprasedon, Alprazolam, Neurol, Xanax; Finland: Alprazolam, Alprox, Xanor; France: Alprazolam, Xanax; Germany: Alprazolam, Cassadan, Tafil; Greece: Alprazolam, Saturnil, Xanax; Hungary: Frontin, Helex, Xanax; Ireland: Alprol, Calmax, Gerax, Xanax; Italy: Aldeprelam, Alpravecs, Alprazig, Alprazolam, Frontal, Valeans, Xanax; Latvia: Alprasedon, Alprazolam, Frontin, Helex, Neurol, Xanax; Lithuania: Alprasedon, Alprazolam, Alprax, Frontin, Stresoxan, Xanax, Zomiren; Luxembourg: Alpraz, Alprazolam, Arivics, Docalprazo, Xanax; Malta: Xanax, Zolaram; Netherlands: Alprazolam, Xanax; Poland: Afobam, Alprazomerck, Alprox, Neurol, Xanax, Zomiren; Portugal: Alprazolam, Unilan, Xanax; Romania: Alprazolam, Frontin, Neurol, Prazolex, Xanax; Slovakia: Frontin, Helex, Neurol, Xanax; Slovenia: Helex, Xanax; Spain: Alprazolam, Trankimazín; Sweden: Alprazolam, Xanor; UK: Xanax.
North America
Canada: Alprazolam, Apo-Alpraz, Xanax; USA: Alprazolam, Niravam, Xanax.
Latin America
Argentina: Alplax, Alprazol, Alprazolam, Amziax, Ansielix, Aplacaina, Bayzolam, Becede, Bestrol, Calmol, Droxol, Emeral, Isoproxal, Krama, Medronal, Nivelán, Novazolam, Pirval, Plasedan, Prinox, Psicosedol, PTA, Razolam, Relaxtén, Rilow, Silarten, Tensium, Thiprasolan, Tranquinal, Xanax; Brazil: Alprazolam, Altrox, Apraz, Constante, Frontal, Neozolam, Tranquinal; Mexico: Alprazolam, Alzam, Farmapram, Irizz, Neupax, Noxeprom, Tafil, Tazun.
Asia
Japan: Azolitan, Calmdown, Constan, Medepolin, Menbit, Solanax.
Drug combinations
Alprazolam and Sulpiride
Chemistry
Alprazolam: C~17~H~13~ClN~4~. Mw: 308.76. (1) 4H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-α][1,4]benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-; (2) 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-α][1,4]benzodiazepine. CAS-28981-97-7 (1973).
Pharmacologic Category
Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Benzodiazepines. (ATC-Code: N05BA12).
Mechanism of action
Binds to the GABA benzodiazepine receptor complex, particularly in the limbic system and reticular formation. The inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability increases the neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions resulting in hyperpolarization and stabilization.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder), panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), or anxiety associated with depression.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Use during pregnancy should be avoided (fetal harm particularly when administered during the first trimester). Breast-feeding is not recommended.
Unlabeled use
Anxiety in children.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to alprazolam or any component of the formulation (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines). Narrow-angle glaucoma. Concurrent use with ketoconazole or itraconazole. Pregnancy.
Warnings and precautions
Anterograde amnesia may occur. May cause CNS depression (impair physical or mental abilities). Paradoxical reactions (hyperactive or aggressive behavior) reported. Use caution in depression (mania or hypomania). Potential for drug dependency exists. Use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment, impaired gag reflux or respiratory disease. Effects with other sedative drugs, CNS depressants, psychoactive medication or ethanol may be potentiated. High potential for CYP-mediated interactions. Use with caution in debilitated patients, the elderly or in patients at risk of falls. Use with caution in obese patients (may have prolonged action when discontinued). Breakthrough anxiety may occur. Use caution when reducing dose or withdrawing therapy.