Amiodarone

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Induces
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Amiodaron, Sedacoron; Belgium: Amiodarone, Cordarone; Bulgaria: Amiodarone, Cordarone; Cyprus: Amiodarone, Cardilor, Cordarone, Sedacoron; Czech Republic: Amiohexal, Amiokordin, Cordarone, Ritmopuls, Rivodaron, Sedacoron; Denmark: Cordan, Cordarone; Estonia: Amiodaron, Amiokordin, Cordarone; Finland: Amiodaron, Amiodasan, Cordarone; France: Amiodarone, Corbionax, Cordarone; Germany: Amiodaron, Amiodura, Amiogamma, Amiohexal, Cordarex, Cordarone, Cornaron, Sedacoron; Greece: Angoron; Hungary: Cordarone; Ireland: Amiodarone, Cordarone; Italy: Amiodar, Amiodarone, Angoron, Cordarone; Latvia: Amiodaron, Amiokordin, Cordarone; Luxembourg: Amiodarone, Cordarone; Malta: Amiodarone; Netherlands: Amiodaron, Cordarone; Poland: Amiokordin, Cordarone, Opacorden, Sedacoron; Portugal: Amiodarona, Corbionax, Cordarone; Romania: Amio, Amiodarona, Cordarone, Daritmin, Sedacoron; Slovakia: Amiokordin, Cordarone, Rivodaron, Sedacoron; Slovenia: Amiodaron, Amiokordin, Cordarone; Spain: Trangorex; Sweden: Amiodaron, Cordarone; UK: Amiodarone, Cordarone.

North America

Canada: Amiodarone, Cordarone; USA: Amiodarone, Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone.

Latin America

Argentina: Amiocar, Amiodarona, Angoten-Anguten, Atlansil, Cistimela, Coronax, Coronovo, Miodarona, Miotenk, Ritmocardyl; Brazil: Amiobal, Amiodarona, Ancoron, Atlansil, Cardicoron, Diodarone, Hiperterona, Miocoron, Miodarid, Miodaron, Miodon; Mexico: Braxán, Cordarone, Forken, Keritmon, Sinarona.

Asia

Japan: Amiodarone, Ancaron.

Drug combinations

Chemistry

Amiodarone: C~25~H~29~I~2~NO~3~. Mw: 645.31. (1) Methanone, (2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]-; (2) 2-Butyl-3-benzofuranyl 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl ketone. CAS-1951-25-3 (1987).

Pharmacologic Category

Class III Antiarrhythmics. (ATC-Code: C01BD01).

Mechanism of action

Inhibits adrenergic stimulation (α- and β-blocking properties), affects sodium, potassium and calcium channels, and prolongs the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue. Decreases AV conduction and sinus node function.

Therapeutic use

Management of recurrent ventricular fibrillation or hemodynamically-unstable ventricular tachycardia.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Not recommended during pregnancy (fetal harm) or lactation.

Unlabeled use

Cardiac arrest with persistent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation if defibrillation, CPR, and vasopressor administration have failed. Control of hemodynamically-stable VT, polymorphic VT with a normal QT interval, or wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin. Control of rapid ventricular rate due to accessory pathway conduction in pre-excited atrial arrhythmias. Heart rate control in atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation during cardiothoracic surgery. Pharmacologic adjunct to ICD therapy to suppress symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias in otherwise optimally-treated patients with heart failure. Pharmacologic conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm (maintenance of normal sinus rhythm).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to amiodarone, iodine, or any component of the formulation. Severe sinus-node dysfunction. Second- and third-degree heart block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker). Bradycardia causing syncope (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker). Cardiogenic shock. Pregnancy.

Warnings and precautions

May cause bradycardia and hypotension. Hepatotoxicity is common. May cause optic neuritis/neuropathy. Corneal microdeposits may occur (blurred vision, halos). Corneal refractive laser surgery is generally contraindicated in amiodarone users. May cause photosensitivity. Proarrhythmic effect (e.g. torsade de pointes, significant heart block, sinus bradycardia). Pulmonary toxicity (chronic interstitial pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, solitary pulmonary mass) may occur. Only indicated for patients with life-threatening arrhythmias because of risk of toxicity. Alternative therapies should be tried first before using amiodarone. Patients should be hospitalized when amiodarone is initiated. Electrolyte imbalances should be corrected prior to and throughout therapy. Use with caution in hepatic impairment or in thyroid disease (may cause hyper- or hypothyroidism). Potent inhibitor of CYP enzymes and transport proteins (P-glycoprotein), which may lead to increased serum concentrations/toxicity of a number of medications. Use with caution with QTc-prolonging potential drugs dependent on metabolism via enzymes inhibited by amiodarone. Caution in surgical (may enhance hemodynamic effect of anesthetics) and postoperative patients (risk of adult respiratory distress syndrome). Injection contains benzyl alcohol («gasping syndrome» in neonates). Increased risk of drug interactions even upon discontinuation of therapy (difficult to predict when an arrhythmia may occur).

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