Ampicillin
- Atc Codes:J01CA01#S01AA19
- CAS Codes:69-53-4#7177-48-2#69-52-3
- PHARMGKB ID:69-53-4#7177-48-2#69-52-3
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Standacillin; Belgium: Pentrexyl; Bulgaria: Ampicillin, Standacillin; Cyprus: Ampicillin, Pamecil, Penodil, Syntocil, Czech Republic: Ampicilin; Denmark: Ampicilin, Pentrexyl; Estonia: Ampicillin, Standacillin; Finland: A-Pen; France: Ampicilline; Germany: Ampicillin, Ampiciph, Ampisan, Ampisel, Ampitab, Apicin; Greece: Adelcopen, Ampenolet, Copercilex, Pentrexyl; Hungary: Axum, Semicillin, Standacillin, Unasyn; Ireland: Ampicillin, Clonamp, Rimacillin; Italy: Ampici, Ampilux, Amplital; Latvia: Ampicillin, Pamecil; Lithuania: Ampicillin; Netherlands: Ampicilline; Poland: Ampicillin; Portugal: Ampicilina, Hiperbiótico; Romania: Ampicilina, Ephicilin, Epicocillin, Pamecil, Standacillin; Slovakia: Ampicillin; Spain: Britapén, Gobemicina; Sweden: Doktacillin; UK: Penbritin.
North America
Canada: Apo-Ampi, Ampicillin; USA: Ampicillin, Principen.
Latin America
Argentina: Alpovex, Ampi-Bis, Ampicilina, Ampigen, Ampinox, Ampitenk, Bactilina, Fabopcilina, Galciclina, Histopen, Trifacilina; Brazil: Ambezetal, Ampi, Ampiciflan, Ampicil, Ampicilab, Ampicilase, Ampicilil, Ampicilina, Ampicilon, Ampigran, Ampilozin, Amplacilina, Amplacin, Amplibac, Binotal, Cilinon, Cilipen, Emicilin, Gramcilina, Neo Ampicilin; Mexico: Acilmed, Alphapen, Alvedrin, Am-An, Ambidrin, Ambiosol, Ampex, Ampicilina, Ampimex, Ampi-Quim, Ampi-Tecno, Amprexyn, Amsapen, Bestcilina, Binotal, Bremecina, Brupén, Dibacilina, Diferín, Expicín, Flamicina, Gramipén, Iqfacilina, Marovilina, Meprizina, Mibiot, Omnipen, Pebiot, Penbritin, Pentiver, Pentrexyl, Procilina, Prodifer, Sinaplín, Tronex, Zumorín.
Asia
Japan: Amipenix, Ampicillin, Solcillin, Viccillin.
Drug combinations
Ampicillin and Cloxacillin
Ampicillin and Diclofenac
Ampicillin and Floxacillin
Ampicillin and Guaifenesin
Ampicillin and Oxacillin
Ampicillin and Sulbactam
Chemistry
Ampicillin: C~16~H~19~N~3~O~4~S. Mw: 349.40. (1) 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[(aminophenylacetyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, [2S-[2α,5α,6β(S*)]]-; (2)(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-2-Amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid. CAS-69-53-4; CAS-7177-48-2 (trihydrate)(1962).
Ampicillin Sodium: C~16~H~18~N~3~NaO~4~S. Mw: 371.39. 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[(aminophenylacetyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, [2S-[2α,5α,6β(S*)]]-. CAS-69-52-3 (1966).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Aminopenicillins. (ATC-Code: J01CA01; S01AA19).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections (non-β-lactamase-producing organisms). Treatment or prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. Treatment of bacterial infections caused by streptococci, pneumococci, nonpenicillinase-producing staphylococci, Listeria, meningococci, strains of H. influenzae, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
For use in pregnant women for the management of premature rupture of membranes. Acceptable alternative to penicillin for the prevention of early-onset Group B Streptococcal disease in newborns. Use with caution if administered during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ampicillin, any component of the formulation, or other penicillins.
Warnings and precautions
Hypersensitivity (anaphylactoid) reactions have been reported (especially with history of β-lactam hypersensitivity, history of sensitivity to multiple allergens, or previous IgE-mediated reactions). Use with caution in asthmatic patients. Rash may appear (it normally begins on the trunk and spreads over most of the body. It may be most intense at pressure areas, elbows, and knees). Fungal or bacterial superinfection (with prolonged use). Rash has developed during therapy in patients with infectious mononucleosis (ampicillin-class antibiotics not recommended in these patients). Use with caution in renal impairment.