Atropine
- Atc Codes:A03BA01#S01FA01
- CAS Codes:51-55-8#5908-99-6#55-48-1
- PHARMGKB ID:51-55-8#5908-99-6#55-48-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Atropinum; Belgium: Atropine, Stellatropine; Bulgaria: Atropine; Cyprus: Atropine; Czech Republic: Atropin; Denmark: Atropin; Finland: Atropin; France: Atropine; Germany: Atropen, Atropin, Dysurgal; Greece: Atropine; Hungary: Atropinum; Ireland: Atropine; Italy: Atropi S, Atropina; Latvia: Atropinum; Lithuania: Atropino; Luxembourg: Atropin, Stellatropine; Malta: Atropine; Netherlands: Atropinum; Poland: Atropinum, Bellapan; Portugal: Atropina, Atropocil; Romania: Atropina; Slovakia: Atropin; Spain: Atropina; Sweden: Atropin; UK: Atropine.
North America
Canada: Atropine, Atropinum; USA: Atropen, Atropine.
Latin America
Argentina: Atropina, Endotropina, Klonatropina; Brazil: Atropina, Atropion; Mexico: Atro Ofteno, Atropina, Atropisa, Tropyn.
Asia
Japan: Atquick, Atropine, Ryuato.
Drug combinations
Atropine and Difenoxin
Atropine and Diphenoxylate
Atropine and Edrophonium
Atropine and Epinephrine
Atropine and Morphine
Atropine and Pralidoxime
Atropine, Ergotamine, and Phenobarbital
Atropine, Metamizole, and Papaverine
Chemistry
Atropine: C~17~H~23~NO~3~. Mw: 289.37. (1) Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, endo-(±)-; (2) 1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-ol (±)-tropate (ester). CAS-51-55-8.
Atropine Sulfate: (C~17~H~23~NO~3~)~2~ H~2~SO~4~ H~2~O. Mw: 694.83. Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, endo-(±)-, sulfate (2:1) monohydrate. CAS-5908-99-6; CAS-55-48-1 (anhydrous).
Pharmacologic Category
Mydriatics. Anticholinergic Agents; Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics. Antidote. (ATC-Code: A03BA01; A03BA01; S01FA01).
Mechanism of action
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the CNS. Increases cardiac output, dries secretions. Reverses the muscarinic effects of cholinergic poisoning.
Therapeutic use
Inhibition of salivation and secretions (preoperative). Treatment of symptomatic sinus bradycardia. AV block (nodal level). Ventricular asystole. Antidote for anticholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (carbamate insecticides, nerve agents, organophosphate insecticides). Mydriasis and cycloplegia for examination of the retina and optic disc and accurate measurement of refractive errors. Uveitis.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Crosses the human placenta. Use with caution during pregnancy or lactation. Anticholinergic agents may suppress lactation.
Unlabeled use
Pulseless electric activity, asystole, neuromuscular blockade reversal.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to atropine or any component of the formulation. Narrow-angle glaucoma. Adhesions between the iris and lens. Tachycardia. Obstructive gastrointestinal disease. Paralytic ileus. Intestinal atony of the elderly or debilitated patient. Severe ulcerative colitis. Toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis. Hepatic disease. Obstructive uropathy. Renal disease. Myasthenia gravis (unless used to treat side-effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor). Asthma. Thyrotoxicosis. Mobitz type II block.
Warnings and precautions
In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur. Psychosis can occur in sensitive individuals. Use with caution in autonomic neuropathy, benign prostatic hyperplasia, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, and/or hypertension, hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis, hyperthyroidism, in the elderly, or in children with spastic paralysis. In mild organophosphate poisonings, use caution where the use of atropine would be otherwise contraindicated.