Biperiden
- Atc Codes:N04AA02
- CAS Codes:514-65-8#1235-82-1#7085-45-2
- PHARMGKB ID:514-65-8#1235-82-1#7085-45-2
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Akineton; Belgium: Akineton; Denmark: Akineton; Finland: Akineton, Ipsatol; France: Akineton; Germany: Biperiden; Greece: Akineton; Hungary: Akineton; Ireland: Akineton; Italy: Akineton; Latvia: Akineton; Lithuania: Akineton; Luxembourg: Akineton; Netherlands: Akineton; Poland: Akineton; Portugal: Akineton; Slovenia: Akineton; Spain: Akinetón; Sweden: Akineton; UK: Akineton.
North America
Canada: Akineton; USA: Akineton.
Latin America
Argentina: Akinetón, Berofín, Biperideno, Darcipireno, Denzolam, Sinekín; Brazil: Akineton, Biperideno, Cinetol, Parkinsol; Mexico: Akinetón, Kinex.
Asia
Japan: Akineton, Akiriden, Bicamol, Tasmolin.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Biperiden: C~21~H~29~NO. Mw: 311.46. (1) 1-Piperidinepropanol, α-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-α-phenyl-; (2) α-5-Norbornen-2-yl-α-phenyl-1-piperidinepropanol. CAS-514-65-8.
Biperiden Hydrochloride: C~21~H~29~NO HCl. Mw: 347.92. 1-Piperidinepropanol, α-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-α-phenyl-, hydrochloride. CAS-1235-82-1
Biperiden Lactate: C~21~H~29~NO C~3~H~6~O~3~. Mw: 401.54. 1-Piperidinepropanol, α-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl-α-phenyl-, compd. with 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (1:1). CAS-7085-45-2.
Pharmacologic Category
Antiparkinsonian Agents; Anticholinergic Agents. (ATC-Code: N04AA02).
Mechanism of action
Antimuscarinic agent. Competitively inhibits acetylcholine or other cholinergic stimulus at autonomic effectors innervated by postganglionic nerves. Has an atropine-like blocking action on parasympathetic-innervated peripheral structures, including smooth muscle. It is a weak peripheral anticholinergic agent with antisecretory, antispasmodic and mydriatic effects. The beneficial effects in Parkinson’s disease and neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal reactions are believed to be due to the inhibition of striatal cholinergic receptors.
Therapeutic use
All forms of parkinsonian syndrome (more effective in the postencephalitic and idiopathic than in the arteriosclerotic types; usually relieves muscle rigidity, reduces sweating and salivation, and improves gait and, to a lesser extent, tremor). Relief of parkinsonian signs and symptoms of antipsychotic agent-induced (e.g. phenothiazines) extrapyramidal reactions.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Animal reproduction studies not conducted. It is not known whether biperiden can cause fetal harm in humans. Should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known whether biperiden is distributed into milk (should be used with caution in nursing women).
Unlabeled use
Disorders of the extrapyramidal system and unrelated spastic conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to biperiden or any ingredient in the formulation. Narrow-angle glaucoma. Bowel obstruction or megacolon. Myasthenia gravis.
Warnings and precautions
Adverse reactions to biperiden are mainly extensions of its anticholinergic effects. Dryness of the mouth and blurred vision are common. The common increase in ocular tension associated with antimuscarinic use is not reported with biperiden (caution in glaucoma). Gastrointestinal disturbances may occur (caution in peptic ulcer disease). In parkinsonian syndrome, tremor may increase as spasticity is relieved. Caution in epilepsy. Choreiform movements reported when biperiden was added to levodopa-carbidopa therapy. May reduce rapid eye movement sleep. Urinary retention (caution in prostatic hyperplasia/urinary stricture) and hematuria reported rarely. May produce tachycardia (caution in cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, or hypotension). Use with caution in hyperthyroidism.