Bortezomib

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Toxicological Effects
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Velcade; Belgium: Velcade; Bulgaria: Velcade; Cyprus: Velcade; Czech Republic: Velcade; Denmark: Velcade; Estonia: Velcade; Finland: Velcade; France: Velcade; Germany: Velcade; Greece: Velcade; Hungary: Velcade; Ireland: Velcade; Italy: Velcade; Latvia: Velcade; Lithuania: Velcade; Luxembourg: Velcade; Malta: Velcade; Netherlands: Velcade; Poland: Velcade; Portugal: Velcade; Romania: Velcade; Slovakia: Velcade; Slovenia: Velcade; Spain: Velcade; Sweden: Velcade; UK: Velcade.

North America

Canada: Velcade; USA: Velcade.

Latin America

Argentina: Velcade; Mexico: Velcade.

Asia

Japan: Velcade.

Drug combinations

Chemistry

Bortezomib: C~19~H~25~BN~4~O~4~. Mw: 384.24. (1) Boronic acid, [(1R)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazinylcarbonyl)amino]propyl]amino]butyl]-; (2) [(1R)-3-Methyl-1-[[(2S)-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazinylcarbonyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]butyl]boronic acid; (3) N-[(1S)-1-Benzyl-2-[[(1R)-1-(dihydroxyboranyl)-3-methylbutyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]pyrazinecarboxamide. CAS-179324-69-7 (2002).

Pharmacologic Category

Other Antineoplastic Agents. Proteasome Inhibitor. (ATC-Code: L01XX32).

Mechanism of action

Bortezomib inhibits proteasomes (reversibly inhibits the 26 S proteasome, leading to activation of signaling cascades, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis).

Therapeutic use

Multiple myeloma. Relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Adverse effects (fetal loss and decreased fetal weight) observed in animal studies. There are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Not recommended during lactation.

Unlabeled use

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (other than mantle cell lymphoma).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron, mannitol, or any component of the formulation.

Warnings and precautions

Hematologic toxicity, including neutropenia and severe thrombocytopenia may occur (risk is increased if pre-treatment platelet counts <75000/μL). May cause hypotension (caution with dehydration, history of syncope, or medications associated with hypotension), development or exacerbation of congestive heart failure and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (caution in risk factors or existing heart disease), and QTc prolongation. Acute liver failure reported (rarely) in patients receiving multiple concomitant medications. Because bortezomib is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 microsomal enzymes, clearance of the drug may be reduced in hepatic impairment. Asymptomatic increases in serum hepatic aminotransferase concentrations, hyperbilirubinemia, and hepatitis reported. Herpes zoster and herpes simplex reactivation reported. May cause peripheral neuropathy (usually sensory but may be mixed sensorimotor). Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome reported (rarely). Pulmonary disorders including pneumonitis, interstitial pneumonia, lung infiltrates, and acute respiratory distress syndrome reported. Pulmonary hypertension (without left heart failure or significant pulmonary disease) reported rarely. May cause tumor lysis syndrome (risk is increased in patients with high tumor burden prior to treatment). Hyper- and hypoglycemia may occur in diabetic patients receiving oral hypoglycemics. Risk of serious adverse events.

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