Carbidopa
- Atc Codes:N04BA
- CAS Codes:38821-49-7#28860-95-9
- PHARMGKB ID:38821-49-7#28860-95-9
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
North America
USA: Lodosyn.
Drug combinations
Carbidopa and Levodopa
Carbidopa, Entacapone, and Levodopa
Chemistry
Carbidopa: C~10~H~14~N~2~O~4~ H~2~O. Mw: 244.24. (1) Benzenepropanoic acid, α-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methyl-, monohydrate, (S)-; (2)(-)-L-α-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate. CAS-38821-49-7; CAS-28860-95-9 (anhydrous)(1972).
Pharmacologic Category
Antiparkinsonian Agents; Dopamine Precursors. (ATC-Code: N04BA).
Mechanism of action
Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor with little or no pharmacological activity when given alone in usual doses. It inhibits the peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa to dopamine. At the same time, reduced peripheral formation of dopamine reduces peripheral side-effects, notably nausea and vomiting, and cardiac arrhythmias, although the dyskinesias and adverse mental effects associated with levodopa therapy tend to develop earlier.
Therapeutic use
Adjuvant therapy in parkinsonism (associated to levodopa).
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to carbidopa or levodopa, or any component of the formulation. Use of nonselective MAO antagonists. Narrow-angle glaucoma. History of melanoma or undiagnosed skin lesions.
Warnings and precautions
Dyskinesias might occur at lower levodopa dosages than with monotherapy. Use with caution in cardiovascular disease, including history of myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Use with caution in endocrine disease, hepatic or renal impairment, peptic ulcer disease. Use with extreme caution in patients with psychotic disorders. Use with caution in respiratory disease. Has no antiparkinsonian activity when administered alone. Dopaminergic agents have been associated with a syndrome resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome on abrupt withdrawal or significant dosage reduction after long-term use.