Chlorthalidone
- Atc Codes:C03BA04
- CAS Codes:77-36-1
- PHARMGKB ID:77-36-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Belgium: Chlorthalidone, Hygroton; Bulgaria: Saluretin; Germany: Hygroton; Italy: Igroton; Portugal: Hygroton; Spain: Higrotona; UK: Hygroton.
North America
Canada: Chlorthalidone; USA: Chlorthalidone, Thalitone.
Latin America
Argentina: Eurético, Hygroton; Brazil: Clortalidona, Clortalil, Clortil, Higroton, Neolidona; Mexico: Anilid, Bioralin, Clortalidona, Hidrona, Hidropharm, Higroton, Lortal, Sinhidron, Tensoral.
Asia
Japan: Hygroton.
Drug combinations
Chlorthalidone and Amiloride
Chlorthalidone and Atenolol
Chlorthalidone and Clonidine
Chlorthalidone and Metoprolol
Chlorthalidone and Oxprenolol
Chlorthalidone, Atenolol, and Hydralazine
Chlorthalidone, Hydralazine, and Oxprenolol
Chemistry
Chlorthalidone: C~14~H~11~ClN~2~O~4~S. Mw: 338.77. (1) Benzenesulfonamide, 2-chloro-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1H-isoindol-1-yl)-; (2) 2-Chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1-isoindolinyl)benzenesulfonamide. CAS-77-36-1 (1961).
Pharmacologic Category
Diuretics; Thiazide-like Diuretics. (ATC-Code: C03BA04).
Mechanism of action
Sulfonamide-derived diuretic which inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the cortical-diluting segment of the ascending loop of Henle. Enhances urinary excretion of potassium. Increases urinary bicarbonate excretion. Hypocalciuric effect as result of decrease in extracellular fluid volume. Slight or intermittent elevations in serum calcium concentration. Augments action of other hypotensive agents.
Therapeutic use
Management of mild-to-moderate hypertension. Edema associated with congestive heart failure or nephrotic syndrome. Systolic hypertension in the elderly.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Diuretics not recommended for pregnancy-induced hypertension (maternal hypovolemia enhances risk of decreased placental perfusion). Diuretics are considered second-line agents for control of chronic hypertension in pregnant women. Thiazides should not be used as routine therapy in pregnant women with mild edema who are otherwise healthy. Distributed into breast milk.
Unlabeled use
Pediatric hypertension. Diabetes insipidus. Renal tubular acidosis. Prophylaxis of renal calculus formation associated with hypercalciuria.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to chlorthalidone or any component of the formulation. Cross-sensitivity with other thiazides or sulfonamides. Anuria. Renal decompensation. Pregnancy.
Warnings and precautions
Hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis and hyponatremia can occur. May cause photosensitization. Its use in thiazide or sulfonamide allergy is specifically contraindicated. Use with caution in prediabetes or diabetes mellitus. May precipitate gout. Use with caution in severe hepatic dysfunction (in cirrhosis, avoid electrolyte and acid/base imbalances). Use with caution in moderate or high cholesterol concentrations. Avoid in severe renal disease (ineffective). Can cause systemic lupus erythematosus exacerbation or activation.