Clarithromycin
- Atc Codes:J01FA09
- CAS Codes:81103-11-9
- PHARMGKB ID:81103-11-9
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Clarithromycin, Klacid; Belgium: Biclar, Clarithromed, Clarithromycine, Heliclar, Maclar, Monoclarium; Bulgaria: Cleron, Fromilid, Klacar, Klacid, Klavax, Klerimed, Lekoklar; Cyprus: Clarem, Claripen, Cleron, Fromilid, Klerimed; Czech Republic: Clarexid, Clarithromycin, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klaritromycin, Lekoklar; Denmark: Clarithromycin, Klacid; Estonia: Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klerimed, Lekoklar; Finland: Clarithromycin, Clarium, Klacid, Zeclar; France: Clarithromycine, Mononaxy, Monozeclar, Naxy, Zeclar; Germany: Biaxin HP, Biclar, Clarilind, Clarithro, Clarithrobeta, Clarithromycin, Clarosip, Cyllind, Klacid, Mavid, Unoklar; Greece: Althromicin, Arecid, Claribactron, Claridus, Clarimax, Clarimil, Claripen, Clarithrocin, Clarithromycin, Claromycin, Derizic, Egelif, Eliben, Ezumycin, Geromycin, Glartin, Klaretop, Klarexyl, Klaribros, Klaricid, Klarifar, Klarifect, Klarimac, Klaripen, Klarithrin, Klaroxin, Klazidem, Larithro, Laromin, Lyoclar, Macladin, Maxigan, Maxilin, Mythrocin, Odycin, Pharicid, Primocid, Riclemed, Rithropol, Ritran, Sanicet, Sythro, Thriamox, Tromypen, Zeclaren; Hungary: Cidoclar, Clarithromycin, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klarigen, Lekoklar; Ireland: Claripsine, Clarithromycin, Claryl, Clonocid, Clorom, Klacid, Klaram, Klariger; Italy: Claritromicina, Klacid, Macladin, Soriclar, Veclam, Winclar; Latvia: Clarithromycin, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klerimed, Lekoklar; Lithuania: Clarithromycin, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klerimed, Lekoklar; Luxembourg: Biaxin HP, Biclar, Heliclar, Maclar; Malta: Clarem, Claritromicina, Klacid, Klaridid, Klerimed; Netherlands: Claritromycine, Klacid; Poland: Apo-Clarix, Clarithromycin, Fromilid, Klabax, Klabion, Klacid, Klarigen, Klaristat, Klarmin, Klarpol, Lekoklar, Taclar; Portugal: Bactuni OD, Ciclinil, Clarbac, Claritromicina, Clarobiótico, Klacid, Progecina, Zeclar; Romania: Claritromicin, Claritromicina, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klerimed, Lekoklar, Roclarin; Slovakia: Clarithromycin, Clarosip, Fromilid, Klabax, Klacid, Klaritromycin, Klerimed, Lekoklar; Slovenia: Clarexid, Fromilid, Klaritromicin, Lekoklar; Spain: Bremon, Claritromicina, Klacid, Kofron; Sweden: Clarithromycin, Klacid, Klaritromycin; UK: Clarithromycin, Klaricid.
North America
Canada: Biaxin, Clarithromycin; USA: Biaxin, Clarithromycin.
Latin America
Argentina: Aeroxina, Claribiotic, Claricina, Clarimax, Claritromicina, Clarovil, Corixa, Fadamicina, Finasept, Ira, Iset, Kailasa, Klaricid, Klonacid, Macromicina, Quotal, Soferax, Windar; Brazil: Clamicin, Clarineo, Claritromax, Claritromicina, Klaricid; Mexico: Adel, Arlecyn-K, Claritral, Claritromicina, Collitred, Crixan, Crolisil, Doycur, Fhisfal, Gervaken, Klabet, Klaricid, Klarix, Klarmyn, Krobicin, Mabicrol, Neo-Clarosip, Quedox, Rolicytin, Trimeba, Vikrol, Xuclamin.
Asia
Japan: Clarith, Clarithromycin, Claroycin, Klaricid, Likmoss, Minebase.
Drug combinations
Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Lansoprazole
Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Omeprazole
Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Pantoprazole
Chemistry
Clarithromycin: C~38~H~69~NO~13~. Mw: 747.95. Erythromycin, 6-O-methyl-. CAS-81103-11-9 (1988).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Other Macrolides. (ATC-Code: J01FA09).
Mechanism of action
Exerts its antibacterial action inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by binding to 50 S ribosomal subunits.
Therapeutic use
Children: Acute otitis media (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae). Community-acquired pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae). Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (S. pyogenes), acute maxillary sinusitis (H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis), uncomplicated skin/skin structure infections (S. aureus, S. pyogenes, mycobacterial infections). Prevention of disseminated mycobacterial infections due to M. avium complex disease in advanced HIV infection. Adults: Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (S. pyogenes). Acute maxillary sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae). Community-acquired pneumonia (H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis). Duodenal ulcer disease (H. pylori).
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Clarithromycin crosses the placenta. No teratogenic effects reported in humans (adverse fetal effects documented in animals). Clarithromycin should not be used in pregnancy unless there are no alternative therapies. Excretion in breast milk unknown.
Unlabeled use
Pertussis. Alternate antibiotic for prophylaxis of infective endocarditis in patients who are allergic to penicillin and undergoing surgical or dental procedures.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to clarithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic. Use with ergot derivatives, pimozide, or cisapride.
Warnings and precautions
Macrolides have been associated with rare QTc prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes (caution in patients at risk of prolonged cardiac repolarization). Use with caution in coronary artery disease (risk of cardiovascular mortality with short-term clarithromycin use in stable coronary artery disease). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in myasthenia gravis (risk of exacerbation of symptoms and new onset of symptoms). Colchicine toxicity (including fatalities) reported with concomitant use (caution in the elderly and in renal impairment). The use of nondeformable products (extended release formulation) in known stricture/narrowing of the gastrointestinal tract has been associated with symptoms of obstruction.