Dopamine
- Atc Codes:C01CA04
- CAS Codes:62-31-7#51-61-6
- PHARMGKB ID:62-31-7#51-61-6
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Toxicological Effects
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Dopamin, Giludop; Belgium: Dynatra; Bulgaria: Dopamin; Cyprus: Dopamine; Czech Republic: Dopamin, Tensamin; Denmark: Abbodop, Dopmin, Giludop; Estonia: Dopamin, Dopmin; Finland: Dopmin; France: Dopamine; Germany: Dopamin; Greece: Dopamine, Giludop; Hungary: Dopamin; Ireland: Dopamine; Italy: Dopamina, Revivan; Latvia: Dopamin; Lithuania: Dopamin, Dopamine; Luxembourg: Dopamin, Dopamine, Dynatra; Malta: Dopamine; Netherlands: Dynatra; Poland: Dopamin, Dopaminum Hydrochloricum; Portugal: Cordodopa, Dopamina, Medopa; Romania: Dopamin, Dopamina; Slovakia: Tensamin; Slovenia: Dopamin; Spain: Dopamina; Sweden: Giludop; UK: Dopamine.
North America
Canada: Dopamine; USA: Dopamine.
Latin America
Argentina: Dopamina, Dopatropin, Inotropin, Megadose; Brazil: Constriction, Dopabane, Dopacris, Dopaflex, Dopamina, Revimine, Revivan; Mexico: Dopamina, Inotropisa, Miocina, Zetarina.
Asia
Japan: Actopamin, Catabon, Catherine, Critpan, Dolpamil, Dominin, Dopamine, Doparalmin, Evetant, Gabans, Inovan, Kakodin, Martburn, Predopa, Taiadopa, Tronjin, Tsurudopami, Yaelista.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Dopamine Hydrochloride: C~8~H~11~NO~2~ HCl. Mw: 189.64. (1) 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride; (2) 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol hydrochloride. CAS-62-31-7; CAS-51-61-6 (dopamine)(1969).
Pharmacologic Category
Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents; Selective β~1~-Adrenergic Agonists. Biogenic Monoamine. (ATC-Code: C01CA04).
Mechanism of action
Dopamine, an endogenous catecholamine which is the immediate precursor of norepinephrine, is a sympathomimetic agent with prominent dopaminergic and β~1~-adrenergic effects at low to moderate doses, producing renal and mesenteric vasodilation. Higher doses are also both dopaminergic- and β~1~-adrenergic-stimulating and produce cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation. Large doses stimulate α-adrenergic receptors.
Therapeutic use
Used to increase cardiac output, blood pressure, and urine flow as an adjunct in the treatment of shock which persists after adequate fluid volume replacement and when systemic vascular resistance is decreased. Also used to increase cardiac output and blood pressure in advanced cardiovascular life support during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Dopamine may improve cardiac output and stroke volume and is considered useful in the short-term management of severe congestive heart failure which is refractory to cardiac glycosides (digoxin) and diuretics.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Should be used during pregnancy only when potential benefits justify possible risks to the fetus. It is not known whether dopamine crosses the placenta. When dopamine is administered for advanced cardiovascular life support during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the drug may decrease blood flow to the uterus. If a vasopressor (e.g. dopamine) is used during labor in conjunction with oxytocic drugs, the vasopressor effect may be potentiated and result in severe hypertension. Should be used with caution in nursing women.
Unlabeled use
Symptomatic bradycardia or heart block unresponsive to atropine or pacing.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sulfites (contains sodium bisulfite). Pheochromocytoma. Ventricular fibrillation.
Warnings and precautions
May cause increases in arrhythmias or tachycardia. Dopamine may cause elevations in serum glucose (concentrations do not usually rise above normal limits). A few cases of peripheral cyanosis reported. Gangrene of the extremities has occurred (with high doses for prolonged periods and in patients with occlusive vascular disease receiving low doses of dopamine). Dopamine should be used with caution in ischemic heart disease. The drug is contraindicated in pheochromocytoma, and in uncorrected tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation. Use with caution in cardiovascular disease, cardiac arrhythmias, occlusive vascular disease, or post-MI. Use with extreme caution in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (prolonged hypertension may result). Product may contain sulfites (can cause allergic-type reactions, in certain susceptible individuals). Avoid hypertension. I.V. administration must be diluted prior to use. Avoid extravasation (may result in tissue necrosis and sloughing of surrounding tissues). Avoid infusion into leg veins. Use with caution in geriatric patients (renal, hepatic, and cardiovascular dysfunction and concomitant disease or other drug therapy are common). Do not discontinue administration suddenly (may lead to marked hypotension).