Gentamicin
- Atc Codes:D06AX07#J01GB03#S01AA11#S02AA14#S03AA06
- CAS Codes:1405-41-0#1403-66-3
- PHARMGKB ID:1405-41-0#1403-66-3
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Toxicological Effects
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Gentamicin, Gentax, Refobacin; Belgium: Geomycine; Bulgaria: Gentamicin; Cyprus: Gentamed; Czech Republic: Garamycin, Gentamicin; Denmark: Garamycin, Gentacoll, Gentamicin; Estonia: Gentamicin; Finland: Gensumycin, Gentacoll; France: Gentalline, Gentamicine; Germany: Gencin, Gent-Ophtal, Genta, Gentabolus, Gentacin, Gentafromm, Gentamicin, Gentamycin, Gentamytrex, Palasept, Refobacin, Septopal, Soligental, Sulmycin, Terramycin N; Greece: Anfomilan, Centaurin, Chrispacin, Cortolexan, Dabroson, Defarlicine, Diakarmon, Epabe, Fripeintil, Garacol, Garamycin, Garaver, Garbilocin, Gentagen, Gentamedin, Gentamicin, Gentamycin, Isopto Gent, Novoxin, Octoret, Septotal, Septospes, Stovolid, Tefoval, Triclina, Vactiriostam, Velminol, Yedoc; Hungary: Gentamicin; Ireland: Cidomycin, Genoptic, Gentamicin, Genticin; Italy: Ciclozinil, Eutopic, Gentacream, Gentalyn, Gentamen, Gentamicina, Genticol, Gentomil, Nemalin, Ribomicin, Tacigen; Latvia: Gentacip, Gentamicin; Lithuania: Gentamicin; Luxembourg: Duracoll, Gentamicin, Gentamytrex, Geomycine, Ophtagram, Palacos, Refobacin, Septopal; Malta: Garamycin, Gentamed, Gentamicin, Genticin; Netherlands: Garacol, Gentamicine, Gentamicinesulfaat, Gentamycine, Septopal; Poland: Garamycin, Gentamicin, Gentamycin, Gentamytrex; Portugal: Cronocol, Garalone, Genta-Gobens, Gentalin, Gentamicina, Gentocil, Ophtagram, Septopal; Romania: Gentamicin, Gentamicine, Genticol, Lyramycin; Slovakia: Garamycin, Gentamicin; Spain: Genta-Gobens, Gentamicina; Sweden: Garamycin, Gensumycin, Septopal; UK: Cidomycin, Gentamicin, Genticin.
North America
Canada: Diogent, Garamycin, Gentak, Gentamicin, Septopal; USA: Genoptic, Gentak, Gentamicin.
Latin America
Argentina: Gentaderm, Gentamicin, Gentamicina, Gentamina, Gentapharma, Gentaren, Glevomicina, Plurisemina, Provisual, Rupegen; Brazil: Emisgenta, Garacin, Garamicina, Garamin, Gentagran, Gentamicil, Gentamicin, Gentamicina, Gentamil, Gentaron, Septopal, Vitamicin; Mexico: Beramicina, Fustermicina, Garakacin, Garamicina, Geclicin, Genemicin, Genkova, Genrex, Genser, Genta Grin, Gentamicina, Genta-Micron, Gentamil, Gentapat, Gentazaf Z, Gentazol, Gentialoquin, Geracin, G-I, Ikatin, Lifegram, Quilagen, Servigenta, Tamicin-G, Tamigen, Tondex, Yectamicina.
Asia
Japan: Eltacin, Gentacin, Gentalol, Gentamicin, Gernart, Luinesin, Riftamycin.
Drug combinations
Gentamicin and Acexamate
Gentamicin and Betamethasone
Gentamicin and Collagen
Gentamicin and Cyproheptadine
Gentamicin and Dexamethasone
Gentamicin and Diclofenac
Gentamicin and Diflorasone
Gentamicin and Fluorometholone
Gentamicin and Indomethacin
Gentamicin and Prednisolone
Gentamicin and Zirconium Dioxide
Gentamicin, Benzocaine, and Sulfadiazine
Gentamicin, Betamethasone, and Clioquinol
Gentamicin, Betamethasone, and Clotrimazole
Gentamicin, Betamethasone, and Metamizole
Gentamicin, Deoxyribonuclease, and Fibrinolysin
Gentamicin, Dexamethasone, and Tetrahydrozoline
Gentamicin, Dexamethasone, and Tetrizoline
Gentamicin, Diflorasone, and Econazole
Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, and Ketoconazole
Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, and Miconazole
Gentamicin, Phenazone and Procaine
Gentamicin, Betamethasone, Iodochlorohydroxyquin, and Tolnaftate
Gentamicin, Betamethasone, Nystatin, and Tolnaftate
Gentamicin, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, and Ketoconazole
Gentamicin, Halibut Oil, Phenazone, and Procaine
Gentamicin, Diflorasone, Econazole, Griseofulvin, Hydrocortisone, Neomycin, and Salicylic Acid
Chemistry
Gentamicin Sulfate: Produced by Micromonospora purpurea sp., it is a complex antibiotic substance with three components, sulfates of gentamicin C~1~, gentamicin C~2~, and gentamicin C~1A~ (O-3-Deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-[2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-α-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1→4)]-2-deoxy-D-streptamine). CAS-1405-41-0; CAS-1403-66-3 (gentamicin)(1963).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Aminoglycosides. EENT Preparations; Antibacterials. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents; Antibacterials. Ophthalmic Antibiotic. Topical Antibiotic. (ATC-Code: D06AX07; J01GB03; S01AA11; S02AA14; S03AA06).
Mechanism of action
Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits resulting in defective bacterial cell membrane.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, normally Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus. Treatment of bone infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, as well as abdominal and urinary tract infections, endocarditis, and septicemia. Used topically to treat superficial skin infections or ophthalmic infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Gentamicin crosses placenta. Adequate, well-controlled studies not conducted in pregnant women and it is not known whether gentamicin can cause fetal harm. Enters breast milk (small amounts); use caution.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to gentamicin or other aminoglycosides.
Warnings and precautions
May cause nephrotoxicity (risk factors include pre-existing renal impairment, concomitant nephrotoxic medications, advanced age and dehydration). May cause neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis (especially when given soon after anesthesia or muscle relaxants). May cause neurotoxicity (risk factors include pre-existing renal impairment, concomitant neuro-/nephrotoxic medications, advanced age and dehydration), or ototoxicity. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in hearing impairment (pre-existing vertigo, tinnitus, or hearing loss). Use with caution in hypocalcemia. Use with caution in neuromuscular disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Use with caution in pre-existing renal insufficiency. Long-term use should be avoided (toxic hazards associated with extended administration).