Hydralazine

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Toxicological Effects
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Cyprus: Apresoline; Ireland: Apresoline; Malta: Apresoline, Hydralazine; Netherlands: Hydralazine; Poland: Dihydralazinum; Portugal: Apresolina; Spain: Hydrapres; Sweden: Apresolin; UK: Apresoline, Hydralazine.

North America

Canada: Apresoline, Hydralazine, Hydral, Hylazin; USA: Hydralazine.

Latin America

Argentina: Hydral, Hydrapres; Brazil: Apresolina, Nepresol; Mexico: Apresolina, Bionobal, Hidralazina.

Asia

Japan: Apresoline, Aprezine, Asozart, Hydrapress, Hypatol, Pressfall, Travinon.

Drug combinations

Hydralazine and Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydralazine and Isosorbide Dinitrate

Hydralazine, Atenolol, and Chlortalidone

Hydralazine, Bendroflumethiazide, and Propranolol

Hydralazine, Chlortalidone, and Oxprenolol

Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, and Metoprolol

Chemistry

Hydralazine Hydrochloride: C~8~H~8~N~4~ HCl. Mw: 196.64. (1) Phthalazine, 1-hydrazino-, monohydrochloride; (2) 1-Hydrazinophthalazine monohydrochloride. CAS-304-20-1; CAS-86-54-4 (hydralazine).

Pharmacologic Category

Hypotensive Agents; Direct Vasodilators. (ATC-Code: C02DB02).

Mechanism of action

Direct vasodilation of arterioles (with little effect on veins) with decreased systemic resistance.

Therapeutic use

Management of moderate-to-severe hypertension, congestive heart failure, hypertension secondary to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Crosses placenta. Safe use during pregnancy or breast-feeding.

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to hydralazine or any component of the formulation. Mitral valve rheumatic heart disease.

Warnings and precautions

May cause drug-induced lupus-like syndrome. Use with caution in coronary artery disease (risk of precipitation of angina attacks and/or MI), pulmonary hypertension (may cause hypotension), or in severe renal impairment. May cause systemic lupus erythematosus (e.g. glomerulonephritis) or rheumatoid arthritis. Some formulations contain sulfites which may cause allergic-type reactions (including anaphylaxis and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes) in certain susceptible individuals. May increase pulmonary artery pressure in mitral valvular disease. Orthostatic hypotension possible (use with caution in cerebrovascular accidents, patients who may be volume-depleted, those with pre-existing hypotension, or those receiving other hypotensive agents). May paradoxically reduce pressor response to epinephrine. Peripheral neuritis might occur (e.g. numbness, paresthesia, tingling). Blood dyscrasias possible (e.g. agranulocytosis, decreased hemoglobin and erythrocytes, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia with or without purpura).

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