Levofloxacin

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Toxicological Effects
  • Genes that may be involved
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Belgium: Tavanic; Bulgaria: Tavanic; Cyprus: Tavanic; Czech Republic: Aflobax, Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Denmark: Oftaquix; Estonia: Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Finland: Levofloksasiini, Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; France: Tavanic; Germany: Lechit, Levam, Levant, Levas, Levitis, Levofloxacin, Levofloxadura, Levofloxagen, Levon, Leweg, Lewor, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Greece: Floxator, Le-Vof, Levofloxacin, Levolacin, Levoprolin, Lexacin, Talerin, Tavanic, Zirotan, Zoclix; Hungary: Tavanic; Ireland: Levofloxacin, Tavager, Tavanic; Italy: Levoxacin, Tavanic; Latvia: Oftaquix; Lithuania: Oftaquix, Tavanic; Malta: Levofloxacin, Levoxa, Tavanic; Netherlands: Levofloxacine, Tavanic; Poland: Levofloxacin, Levoxa, Levoxiteva, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Portugal: Levofloxacina, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Romania: Levofloxacin, Levofloxacina, Tavanic; Slovakia: Aflobax, Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; Slovenia: Flexid, Levofloksacin; Spain: Asey, Levofloxacino, Tavanic; Sweden: Levofloxacin, Oftaquix, Tavanic; UK: Tavanic.

North America

Canada: Levaquin, Levofloxacin; USA: Iquix, Levaquin, Quixin.

Latin America

Argentina: Anuar, Bactifren, Benur, Fentaxina, Floxlevo, Grepiflox IV, Leflumax, Levaquin, Levofloxacina, Lexobron, Quinomed L, Septibiotic, Tavanic, Teraquin, Ultraquin, Uniflox-Raffo, Valiflox; Brazil: Levaquin, Levofloxacino, Levotac, Levoxin, Tamiram, Tavanic, Vonax; Mexico: Bredelin, Cina, Elequine, Flevox, Ran-Levo, Tavanic, Tevotev, Voflaxin.

Asia

Japan: Cravit.

Drug combinations

Chemistry

Levofloxacin: C~18~H~20~FN~3~O~4~ ½H~2~O. Mw: 370.38. (1) 7H-Pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid, 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-hydrate (2:1), (S)-; (2)(-)-(S)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid, hemihydrate. CAS-138199-71-0 (1996).

Pharmacologic Category

Antibacterials; Quinolones. EENT Preparations; Antibacterials. Respiratory Fluoroquinolone. (ATC-Code: J01MA12; S01AX19).

Mechanism of action

Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms, thereby inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands.

Therapeutic use

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, including multidrug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. Nosocomial pneumonia. Chronic bronchitis (acute bacterial exacerbation). Acute bacterial sinusitis. Prostatitis, urinary tract infection (uncomplicated or complicated). Acute pyelonephritis. Skin or skin structure infections (uncomplicated or complicated). Reducing incidence or disease progression of inhalational anthrax (postexposure). Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible organisms. Treatment of corneal ulcer caused by susceptible organisms.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Adverse events observed in some animal studies. Levofloxacin crosses placenta and should only be used during pregnancy if safer option not available. Use not recommended while breast-feeding.

Unlabeled use

Diverticulitis, enterocolitis (Shigella spp.), epididymitis (nongonococcal), Legionnaires’ disease, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, any component of the formulation, or other quinolones.

Warnings and precautions

Fluoroquinolones may prolong QTc interval (avoid use in history of QTc prolongation, uncorrected hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, or concurrent administration of other medications known to prolong QT interval). CNS stimulation (tremor, restlessness, confusion, and very rarely hallucinations or seizures) might occur (use with caution in CNS disorders). Possible disordered glucose regulation (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia). Severe hepatotoxicity (including acute hepatitis and fatalities) reported. Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, occurred. Use of quinolones linked to peripheral neuropathy (rare). Might cause moderate-to-severe phototoxicity reactions. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Reports of tendon inflammation and/or rupture with quinolone antibiotics (increased risk with concurrent corticosteroids, organ transplant recipients, and in patients >60 years of age). Some quinolones may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, use with caution (rare, potentially life-threatening weakness of respiratory muscles might occur). Use with caution in renal impairment or rheumatoid arthritis (might increase risk of tendon rupture). Use with caution in individuals at risk of seizures. Adverse effects (e.g. hepatotoxicity, tendon rupture, QT changes) might be increased in the elderly. Hemolytic reactions may (rarely) occur in latent or actual G6PD deficiency. Systemic use only recommended in children <18 years of age for prevention of inhalational anthrax (postexposure). Increased incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (e.g. arthralgia, tendon rupture) observed in children. Ophthalmic solution for topical use only.

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