Lidocaine

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Dolocupin, Xylocain; Belgium: Lidocain, Otipax, Otocalmine, Versatis, Xylocaine, Xylocard; Bulgaria: Lidocain; Cyprus: Anodesyn, Doxiproct, Lidocaine, Lidoject, Lignospan, Trachilid; Czech Republic: Dobexil, Doxiproct, Lidocain, Xylocaine; Denmark: Lidokain, Xylocain; Estonia: Trachilid, Xylocaine; Finland: Lidocain, Lidocard. Xylocain; France: Dynexan, Xylocaine; Germany: Dolocupin, Dynexan Mundgel, Gelicain, Heweneural, Licain, Lidesthesin, Lidocain, Lidocan, Lidocard, Lidoject, Lidoposterine, Lignocaine, Nolaid, Orgasmus-Stopper, Osmotipax, Tonsisan, Versatis, Xylocain, Xylocitin; Greece: Lidoderm, Versatis, Xylocaine, Xylozan; Hungary: Lidocain; Ireland: Lidocaine, Lignocaine, Xylocaine; Italy: Xylocaina; Latvia: Lidocain, Lidocaine, Trachilid; Lithuania: Lidocaine; Luxembourg: Dentinox, Lidocain, Lidocainhydrochlorid, Otoralgyl, Xylocaine, Xylocard; Malta: Lidocaine, Xylocaine; Netherlands: Lidocaine, Xylocaine; Poland: Kamistad, Lidocain, Lidodent, Lidoposterin, Lignocain, Lignocainum, Lignox, Xylocaine; Portugal: Lambdalina, Lidocaina, Lidoject, Lidonostrum, Lincaina, Xilonibsa, Xylocaina; Romania: Lidocaina, Xilina; Slovenia: Lidokain, Trachisan, Versatis, Xylocaine; Spain: Clorhid Lidoca, Dermovagisil, Lidocaína, Xilocaína, Xilonibsa; Sweden: Lidokain, Versatis, Xylocain; UK: Boots Pharmacy Anaesthetic Throat Spray, Lidocaine, Versatis, Xylocaine.

North America

Canada: Aftersun, Afterburn, Band-Aid, Betacaine, Bikini Zone, Burn Cream, Lidocaine, Lidodan, Lidomax, Lidoderm, Safetec, Solarcaine, Stud, Water-Jel Burn, Xylocaine, Xylocard; USA: Akten, Anestacon, Laryng-O-Jet, Lidocaine, Lidoderm, Lidopen, Lta, Xylocaine.

Latin America

Argentina: Gobbicaína Jalea, Gobbicaína sin Epinefrina, Indican, Lafecaína, Larjancaina, Lidanest, Lidocaína, LMX, Regiocaína, Solvente Indoloro, Xylocaína; Brazil: Dermomax, Gel-Lido, Lidial, Lidocabbott, Lidoflex, Lidocaína, Lidoflex, Lidogel, Lidospray, Lidoston, Xylestesin, Xylocaina; Mexico: Hipoden, Pharmacaine, Pisacaína, Sunicaine, Undorlan, Unicaine, Uvega.

Asia

Japan: Anetocaine, Freedocaine, Lidocaine, Lidoquick, Medcaine, Olives, Partran, Penles, Xylocaine, Youpatch.

Drug combinations

Lidocaine and Acetaminophen

Lidocaine and Bupivacaine

Lidocaine and Cetylpyridinium

Lidocaine and Dexamethasone

Lidocaine and Ephedrine

Lidocaine and Epinephrine

Lidocaine and Fluocinolone

Lidocaine and Fluocinonide

Lidocaine and Hyaluronidase

Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone

Lidocaine and Methylprednisolone

Lidocaine and Norepinephrine

Lidocaine and Prednisolone

Lidocaine and Prilocaine

Lidocaine and Tetracaine

Lidocaine and Triamcinolone

Lidocaine and Zinc Oxide

Lidocaine, Antipyrine, and Naphazoline

Lidocaine, Bismuth, and Fluocinolone

Lidocaine, Ciprofloxacin, and Hydrocortisone

Lidocaine, Hyaluronidase, and Neomycin

Lidocaine, Boric Acid, Hydrocortisone, and Zinc Oxide

Lidocaine, Dexamethasone, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B

Lidocaine, Fludrocortisone, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B

Lidocaine, Hydrocortisone, Neomycin, and Retinol (Vitamin A)

Lidocaine, Hydrocortisone, Phenylephrine, and Tetracaine

Lidocaine, Dexamethasone, Metronidazole, Neomycin, and Nystatin

Lidocaine, Aluminum Glycinate, Diazepam, Dicyclomine, Magnesium Oxide, and Simethicone

Other Lidocaine combinations: Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B~12~); Thiamine (Vitamin B~1~)

Chemistry

Lidocaine: C~14~H~22~N~2~O. Mw: 234.34. (1) Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-; (2) 2-(Diethylamino)-2′,6′-acetoxylidide. CAS-137-58-6.

Lidocaine Hydrochloride: C~14~H~22~N~2~O HCl H~2~O. Mw: 288.81. 2-(Diethylamino)-2′,6′-acetoxylidide monohydrochloride monohydrate. CAS-6108-05-0; CAS-73-78-9 (anhydrous).

Pharmacologic Category

Class Ib Antiarrhythmics. Local Anesthetics. (ATC-Code: C01BB01; C05AD01; D04AB01; N01BB02; R02AD02; S01HA07; S02DA01).

Mechanism of action

Suppresses automaticity of conduction tissue, by increasing electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle, His-Purkinje system, and spontaneous depolarization of ventricles during diastole by direct action on tissues.

Therapeutic use

Local anesthetic and acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias (such as from myocardial infarction or cardiac manipulation).

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Unlabeled use

Stable monomorphic VT (preserved ventricular function), polymorphic VT (preserved ventricular function), drug-induced monomorphic VT.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or any component of the formulation. Hypersensitivity to another local anesthetic of the amide type. Adam-Stokes syndrome. Severe degrees of SA, AV, or intraventricular heart block (except in patients with functioning artificial pacemaker). Use in allergy to corn-related products (premixed injection may contain corn-derived dextrose).

Warnings and precautions

Use extreme caution in severe hepatic dysfunction, or in pseudocholinesterase deficiency (increased risk of lidocaine toxicity). Do not administer intravascularly. Solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives should not be used for epidural or spinal anesthesia. Some solutions contain bisulfite. Do not apply intradermally to body orifices or mucous membranes. Use caution in bleeding tendencies or platelet disorders (increased risk of superficial dermal bleeding). Use caution when administered intravenously in hepatic impairment, any degree of heart block, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, heart failure, marked hypoxia, severe respiratory depression, hypovolemia, history of malignant hyperthermia, or shock. The elderly may be prone to increased CNS and cardiovascular side-effects. Prolonged ophthalmic use may cause permanent corneal ulceration and/or opacification with loss of vision. Potentially life-threatening side-effects (e.g. irregular heart beat, seizures, coma, respiratory depression, death) occurred when used topically prior to cosmetic procedures.

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