Mannitol
- Atc Codes:A06AD16#B05BC01#B05CX04#R05CB16
- CAS Codes:69-65-8
- PHARMGKB ID:69-65-8
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Toxicological Effects
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Mannit; Bulgaria: Mannitol; Cyprus: Mannitol; Czech Republic: Ardeaosmosol, Infusio Mannitoli, Manitol, Mannitol; Denmark: Mannitol; Estonia: Mannitol; Finland: Mannitol; France: Mannitol; Germany: Mannit, Mannitol, Osmofundin, Osmosteril, Thomaemannit; Greece: Mannitol; Hungary: Mannisol, Mannitol; Ireland: Mannitol; Italy: Isotol; Latvia: Mannitol; Lithuania: Mannitol; Luxembourg: Mannitol, Osmofundin, Osmoteril; Malta: Mannitol; Netherlands: Mannitol, Osmosteril; Poland: Mannitol; Portugal: Aridol, Manitol; Romania: Manitol, Osmofundin; Slovakia: Mannitol, Osmofundin; Slovenia: Manit; Spain: Manitol, Osmofundina; Sweden: Mannitol; UK: Mannitol.
North America
Canada: Mannitol, Osmitrol, Resectisol; USA: Aridol, Mannitol, Osmitrol, Resectisol.
Latin America
Argentina: Solución de Manitol; Mexico: Osmorol.
Asia
Japan: Mannigen, Mannit.
Drug combinations
Mannitol and Sorbitol
Chemistry
Mannitol: C~6~H~14~O~6~. Mw: 182.17. CAS-69-65-8.
Pharmacologic Category
Diagnostic Agents; Kidney Function. Osmotic Diuretics. Irrigating Solutions. (ATC-Code: A06AD16; B05BC01; B05CX04; R05CB16).
Mechanism of action
Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate which inhibits tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes and increases urinary output.
Therapeutic use
Reduction of increased intracranial pressure associated with cerebral edema. Promotion of diuresis in prevention and/or treatment of oliguria or anuria due to acute renal failure. Reduction of increased intraocular pressure. Promoting urinary excretion of toxic substances. Genitourinary irrigant in transurethral prostatic resection or other transurethral surgical procedures.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Reproduction studies not conducted to date. Use with caution during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to mannitol or any component or the formulation. Severe renal disease (anuria). Severe dehydration. Active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy. Progressive heart failure, pulmonary congestion, or renal dysfunction after mannitol administration. Severe pulmonary edema or congestion.
Warnings and precautions
Risk of serious electrolyte disturbances (e.g. hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia). Overexpansion of extracellular fluid might result in pulmonary edema and fulminating congestive heart failure, especially in diminished cardiac reserve. Might cause renal dysfunction especially with high doses (use caution in patients taking other nephrotoxic agents, with sepsis or pre-existing renal disease). Possible irreversible vacuolar nephrosis. Contraindicated in severe renal impairment. In cerebral edema, mannitol might accumulate in brain (causing rebound increases in intracranial pressure). Possible pseudoagglutination if electrolyte-free mannitol solutions given concomitantly with blood.