Minocycline
- Atc Codes:A01AB23#J01AA08
- CAS Codes:13614-98-7#10118-90-8
- PHARMGKB ID:13614-98-7#10118-90-8
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Minostad, Udima; Belgium: Klinotab, Minocin, Minocycline, Minotab; Cyprus: Minaxen; France: Mestacine, Minocycline, Minolis, Mynocine, Parocline; Germany: Aknefug MINO, Aknosan, Arestin, Klinomycin, Micy, Minakne, Minoclir, Minocyclin, Minoplus, Skid, Skin-o-Klast, Skinocyclin, Udima; Greece: Minocin, Periocline; Ireland: Aknemin, Dentomycin, Minosil, Minox; Italy: Minocin; Luxembourg: Klinomycin, Mino, Minocin, Minotab; Malta: Minaxen, Minocin; Netherlands: Aknemin, Minocin, Minocycline, Minotek; Portugal: Arestin, Cipancin, Minociclina, Minocin, Minotrex; Spain: Minocín; Sweden: Arestin; UK: Acnamino, Aknemin, Minocin, Minocycline, Sebact, Sebomin.
North America
Canada: Arestin, Minocin, Minocycline; USA: Arestin, Dynacin, Minocin, Minocycline, Solodyn.
Latin America
Argentina: Acneclín, Clinax, Meibi, Seboclear; Brazil: Minociclina, Minoderm; Mexico: Banimed, Micromycín, Minocín, Ranmino.
Asia
Japan: Coupelacin, Minocycline, Minomycin, Minopen, Minostacin, Minotowa, Namimycin, Pardoclin, Periocline, Periofeel, Robafirin.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Minocycline Hydrochloride: C~23~H~27~N~3~O~7~ HCl. Mw: 493.94. (1) 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-, monohydrochloride, [4S-(4α,4aα,5aα,12aα)]-; (2) 4,7-Bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride. CAS-13614-98-7; CAS-10118-90-8 (minocycline).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Tetracyclines. Antiprotozoals; Antimalarials. (ATC-Code: A01AB23; J01AA08).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunit(s) of susceptible bacteria. Thought to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and chondroprotective effects. More specifically, thought to be a potent inhibitor of metalloproteinases, which are active in rheumatoid arthritis joint destruction.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Treatment of anthrax (inhalational, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal). Moderate-to-severe acne. Meningococcal (asymptomatic) carrier state. Rickettsial diseases (including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever). Nongonococcal urethritis, gonorrhea. Acute intestinal amebiasis.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Crosses placenta, enters fetal circulation, and may cause permanent discoloration of teeth if used during 2^nd^ or 3^rd^ trimester. Might cause fetal harm. Not recommended during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Rheumatoid arthritis (short duration low disease activity).
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to minocycline, other tetracyclines, or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Autoimmune syndromes (lupus-like, hepatitis, and vasculitis autoimmune syndromes) reported. Lightheadedness and vertigo might occur. Might be associated with increases in BUN secondary to antianabolic effects (use caution in renal impairment). Might cause photosensitivity. Pseudotumor cerebri reported (rarely). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Hepatotoxicity reported (use with caution in hepatic impairment). Use with caution in renal impairment (CrCl <80 mL/minute). Might cause tissue hyperpigmentation, enamel hypoplasia, or permanent tooth discoloration in pediatrics. Should not be used during pregnancy (associated with retardation of skeletal development and reduced bone growth).