Minoxidil
- Atc Codes:C02DC01#D11AX01
- CAS Codes:38304-91-5
- PHARMGKB ID:38304-91-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Loniten, Regaine, Rogaine; Belgium: Alopexy, Neoxidil; Bulgaria: Regaine; Cyprus: Lotorin, Oxofenil, Regaine; Czech Republic: Neocapil, Regaine; Denmark: Regaine; Estonia: Regaine; Finland: Recrea, Rogaine; France: Alopexyl, Alostil, Lonoten, Minoxidil, Neoxidil, Unipexil; Germany: Loniten, Lonolox, Lonoten, Regaine, Rogaine; Greece: Axelan, Botafex, Dilaine, Ebersedin, Hairway, Lotorin, Minodril, Minoxidil, Neo-Pruristam, Nherea, Oxofenil, Regaine, Vius; Hungary: Neocapil, Regaine; Ireland: Loniten, Rogaine; Italy: Aloxidil, Carexidil, Loniten, Minovital, Minoximen, Regaine; Latvia: Regaine; Lithuania: Regaine; Luxembourg: Alopexy, Lonnoten, Neoxidil, Regaine; Malta: Regaine; Netherlands: Alopexy, Lonnoten, Minoxidil, Regaine; Poland: Loniten, Loxon, Piloxidil, Regaine; Portugal: Biocrinal, Crinalsofex, Folcare, Hairtene, Mantai, Minocalve, Minox 2, Minox 5, Minoxidil, Neoxidil, Regaine, Tricovivax, Zeldilon; Romania: Alopexy, Hairgrow; Slovakia: Neocapil; Slovenia: Regaine; Spain: Alopexy, Aloxidil, Carexidil, Dinaxil, Dinaxcinco, Lacovín, Lonitén, Minoxidil, Regaine, Regaxidil; Sweden: Recrea, Rogaine; UK: Loniten, Regaine.
North America
Canada: Apo-Gain, Hair Regrowth Treatment, Loniten, Minox-Liq Top, Rogaine; USA: Minoxidil, Rogaine, Theroxidil.
Latin America
Argentina: Anagén, Ivix, Locemix, Minoxidil, Minoxile, Tricolocion, Tricoplus, Ylox; Brazil: Loniten, Regaine; Mexico: Folcres-Grisi, Regaine.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Minoxidil: C~9~H~15~N~5~O. Mw: 209.25. (1) 2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 6-(1-piperidinyl)-, 3-oxide; (2) 2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide. CAS-38304-91-5 (1970).
Pharmacologic Category
Hypotensive Agents; Direct Vasodilators. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Miscellaneous. Topical Skin Product. Direct-acting Vasodilator. (ATC-Code: C02DC01; D11AX01).
Mechanism of action
Produces vasodilation by directly relaxing arteriolar smooth muscle, with little effect on veins. Stimulation of hair growth secondary to vasodilation, increased cutaneous blood flow and stimulation of resting hair follicles.
Therapeutic use
Management of severe hypertension. Treatment of androgenetic alopecia in males and females.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Adverse events observed in some animal studies. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Not recommended during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to minoxidil or any component of the formulation. Pheochromocytoma.
Warnings and precautions
Might cause salt and water retention (use with extreme caution in heart failure). Hypertrichosis might occur. Might cause pericarditis and pericardial effusion which may progress to tamponade (use with caution in heart failure). Rapid blood pressure control in severe hypertension can lead to syncope, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and/or ischemia of other special sense organs (e.g. vision). May increase oxygen demand and exacerbate angina pectoris (use with caution in ischemic heart disease). Use should be avoided for a month after acute myocardial infarct. Compared to placebo, minoxidil increases frequency of clinical events, including increased need for diuretics, angina, ventricular arrhythmias, worsening heart failure and death. Use with caution in significant renal impairment, and in the elderly.