Naloxone
- Atc Codes:V03AB15
- CAS Codes:357-08-4#51481-60-8#465-65-6
- PHARMGKB ID:357-08-4#51481-60-8#465-65-6
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Naloxon, Nexodal; Belgium: Naloxon; Bulgaria: Naloxon; Cyprus: Naloxone; Czech Republic: Intrenon Spofa, Naloxone, Nexodal; Denmark: Naloxon; Estonia: Nexodal; Finland: Naloxon, Nexodal; France: Naloxone, Narcan; Germany: Naloxon, Nexodal; Greece: Narcan; Hungary: Naloxon, Nexodal; Ireland: Naloxone, Nexodal; Italy: Naloxone, Narcan; Latvia: Naloxon, Nexodal; Lithuania: Naloxoni, Nexodal; Luxembourg: Narcan; Malta: Naloxone; Netherlands: Naloxon, Nexodal; Poland: Naloxonum; Portugal: Naloxona, Naxan, Naxolan, Nexodal; Romania: Narcan, Nexodal; Slovakia: Intrenon Spofa, Naloxone, Nexodal; Slovenia: Nexodal; Spain: Naloxona; Sweden: Naloxon; UK: Naloxone.
North America
Canada: Naloxone.
Latin America
Argentina: Grayxona, Naloxona, Narxona; Brazil: Narcan.
Asia
Japan: Naloxone.
Drug combinations
Naloxone and Buprenorphine
Naloxone and Oxycodone
Naloxone and Pentazocine
Naloxone and Tilidine
Chemistry
Naloxone Hydrochloride: C~19~H~21~NO~4~ HCl. Mw: 363.84. (1) Morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(2-propenyl)-, hydrochloride, (5α)-; (2) 17-Allyl-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one hydrochloride; (3)(-)-N-Allyl-14-hydroxynordihydromorphinone hydrochloride. CAS-357-08-4; CAS-51481-60-8 (dihydrate); CAS-465-65-6 (naloxone)(1963).
Pharmacologic Category
Opiate Antagonists. Antidotes. (ATC-Code: V03AB15).
Mechanism of action
Pure opioid antagonist which competes and displaces narcotics at opioid receptor sites.
Therapeutic use
Complete or partial reversal of opioid depression, including respiratory depression, induced by natural and synthetic opioids. Diagnosis of suspected opioid tolerance or acute opioid overdose. Adjunctive agent to increase blood pressure in management of septic shock.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Benefit to mother and risk to fetus should be considered before administering to a pregnant woman known or suspected to be opioid-dependent. May precipitate withdrawal in both mother and fetus. Not recommended in nursing women.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to naloxone or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
May precipitate symptoms of acute withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients, including pain, hypertension, sweating, agitation, irritability; shrill cry, failure to feed in neonates. Use with caution in cardiovascular disease or in patients receiving medications with potential adverse cardiovascular effects (e.g. hypotension, pulmonary edema or arrhythmias), pulmonary edema and cardiovascular instability. Use caution in history of seizures; avoid use in treatment of meperidine-induced seizures. Recurrence of respiratory depression possible if opioid involved is long-acting. Excessive dosages should be avoided after use of opiates in surgery. Abrupt postoperative reversal may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, and other cardiovascular events.