Nitroprusside
- Atc Codes:C02DD01
- CAS Codes:15078-28-1
- PHARMGKB ID:15078-28-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Toxicological Effects
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Bulgaria: Naniprus; Cyprus: Nitriate; Czech Republic: Nipruss; France: Nitriate; Germany: Nipruss; Greece: Sodium Nitroprusside; Italy: Sodio Nitroprussiato; Latvia: Nipruss; Lithuania: Naniprus, Nipruss; Luxembourg: Nipride, Nipruss; Poland: Naniprus; Spain: Nitroprussiat Fides.
North America
Canada: Nipride; USA: Nitropress.
Latin America
Argentina: Doketrol, Niprusodio, Nitroprus; Brazil: Nitropres.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Nitroprusside: C~5~FeN~6~O. Mw: 215.94. Pentacyanide. CAS: 15078-28-1.
Pharmacologic Category
Hypotensive Agents; Direct Vasodilators. (ATC-Code: C02DD01).
Mechanism of action
Causes peripheral vasodilation by direct action on venous and arteriolar smooth muscle, thus reducing peripheral resistance. Will increase cardiac output by decreasing afterload. Reduces aortal and left ventricular impedance.
Therapeutic use
Management of hypertensive crises. Congestive heart failure. Used for controlled hypotension to reduce bleeding during surgery.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Use with caution in pregnant and nursing women.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to nitroprusside or any component of the formulation. Treatment of compensatory hypertension (aortic coarctation, arteriovenous shunting). High output failure. Congenital optic atrophy or tobacco amblyopia.
Warnings and precautions
Except when used briefly or at low (<2 µg/kg/minute) infusion rates, nitroprusside gives rise to large cyanide quantities. Thiocyanate toxicity can occur in renal impairment or patients on prolonged infusions. Use with extreme caution in elevated intracranial pressure, and in hepatic and renal impairment. Should not be administered by direct injection (must be further diluted with 5% dextrose in water).