Oxazepam
- Atc Codes:N05BA04
- CAS Codes:604-75-1
- PHARMGKB ID:604-75-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Adumbran, Anxiolit, Praxiten; Belgium: Oxazepam, Tranquo; Czech Republic: Oxazepam; Denmark: Alopam, Oxabenz, Oxapax; Estonia: Oxazepam; Finland: Opamox, Oxamin; France: Oxazepam, Seresta; Germany: Adumbran, Durazepam, Meproxam, Oxa CT, Oxazepam, Praxiten, Sigacalm, Uskan; Italy: Limbial, Serpax; Luxembourg: Oxazepam, Seresta, Tranquo; Netherlands: Oxazepam, Seresta; Poland: Oksazepam, Oxazepam; Portugal: Serenal; Slovakia: Oxazepam; Slovenia: Oksazepam, Praxiten; Spain: Suxidina; Sweden: Oxascand, Sobril; UK: Oxazepam.
North America
Canada: Novoxapam, Oxazepam, Oxpam; USA: Oxazepam.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Oxazepam: C~15~H~11~ClN~2~O~2~. Mw: 286.71. (1) 2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-, (±)-; (2)(±)-7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. CAS-604-75-1 (1935).
Pharmacologic Category
Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Benzodiazepines. (ATC-Code: N05BA04).
Mechanism of action
Effects appear to be mediated through inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA; site and mechanism of action within the CNS appear to involve macromolecular complex (GABA~A~-receptor-chloride ionophore complex) which includes GABA~A~ receptors, high-affinity benzodiazepine receptors, and chloride channels. Enhancement of inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions. This shift in chloride ions results in hyperpolarization (less excitable state) and stabilization.
Therapeutic use
Anxiety. Management of ethanol withdrawal.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Not recommended in pregnant and nursing women.
Unlabeled use
Anticonvulsant in management of simple partial seizures. Hypnotic.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to oxazepam or any component of the formulation (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist). Narrow-angle glaucoma. Psychosis. Pregnancy.
Warnings and precautions
Benzodiazepines associated with anterograde amnesia. May cause CNS depression. Paradoxical reactions (hyperactive or aggressive behavior) reported with benzodiazepines, particularly in adolescent/pediatric or psychiatric patients. Use with caution in patients receiving other CNS depressants or psychoactive medication (effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated), and in history of drug abuse or acute alcoholism. Tolerance, psychological and physical dependence may occur with prolonged use. May cause hypotension (caution in cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or in patients who would not tolerate transient decreases in blood pressure). Use with caution in hepatic/renal impairment, in impaired gag reflux, in respiratory disease, in debilitated patients, and in the elderly (benzodiazepines associated with falls and traumatic injury). Some forms contains tartrazine. Does not have analgesic, antidepressant, or antipsychotic properties. Rebound or withdrawal symptoms may occur following abrupt discontinuation or large decreases in dose. Flumazenil may cause withdrawal in patients receiving long-term benzodiazepine therapy.