Oxygen
- Atc Codes:V03AN01
- CAS Codes:7782-44-7
- PHARMGKB ID:7782-44-7
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Inhibits
- Induces
- Dosage
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Bulgaria: Oxygen medical; Germany: Conoxia, Guttroff proMed Sauerstoff, Lox medical, Medicinal Oxygen, Medizinischer Sauerstoff, Sauerstoff, Sauerstoff für medizinische Zwecke; Hungary: Oxigén; Ireland: Medical Oxygen; Italy: Ossigeno Gass, Ossigeno Liq.; Luxembourg: Oxygene Medical; Poland: Tlen medyczny; Romania: Oxigen Medicinal; Slovakia: Conoxia; Spain: Oxígeno Medicinal; Sweden: Medicinal Oxygen, Medicinsk Oxygen.
North America
Canada: Liquid Oxygen.
Asia
Japan: Liquid Oxygen, Oxygen.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Oxygen: O~2~. Mw: 32.00. CAS-7782-44-7.
Pharmacologic Category
Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents. Dental Gases. (ATC-Code: V03AN01).
Mechanism of action
Increased oxygen in tidal volume and oxygenation of tissues at molecular level. Hyperbaric oxygen acts as antidote by displacing carbon monoxide from binding sites and increasing elimination rate. Also alleviates cerebral edema and CO-induced peroxidation.
Therapeutic use
Relief of arterial hypoxia and secondary complications. Pulmonary hypertension, polycythemia secondary to hypoxemia, chronic disease states complicated by anemia, cancer, migraine headaches, coronary artery disease, seizure disorders, sickle-cell crisis, and sleep apnea. Hyperbaric oxygen used as antidote for carbon monoxide, carbon tetrachloride, cyanide, hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, methylene chloride, mushroom (Amanita toxin), brown recluse spider bite, chloroform. Decompression sickness, air emboli, and anaerobic infections. Methemoglobinemia. Helium-induced embolism. Ergotamine-induced peripheral ischemia. Necrotic arachnidism caused by Lampona cylindrata (spider found in Australia). Radiation-related bone and soft tissue complications (osteoradionecrosis). Gas gangrene. Administered as supplement with nitrous oxide to ensure adequate ventilation during sedation. Resuscitative agent for medical emergencies in dental office.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Well tolerated in treatment of carbon monoxide and indicated for treatment of pregnant patients when symptomatic or with carboxyhemoglobin levels >20%.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Only described for hyperbaric oxygen. Absolute contraindications are pneumothorax and bowel obstruction (avoid in paraquat- or bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity). Relative contraindications include claustrophobia, respiratory infections, seizure disorder, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumothorax or history of spontaneous pneumothorax, thoracic or otic surgery, optic neuritis, and pulmonary lesions. May also exacerbate acetaminophen- or bromobenzene-induced hepatic necrosis. Use of hyperbaric oxygen in nitrogen oxide exposure contraindicated.
Warnings and precautions
Oxygen-induced hypoventilation is greatest potential hazard of oxygen therapy (caution if severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Extended exposure to higher O~2~ concentrations associated with pulmonary fibrosis.