Pentobarbital
- Atc Codes:N05CA01
- CAS Codes:76-74-4#57-33-0
- PHARMGKB ID:76-74-4#57-33-0
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Release; Greece: Nembutal.
North America
USA: Nembutal.
Asia
Japan: Nembutal, Ravona.
Drug combinations
Pentobarbital, Benactyzine, and Homatropine
Chemistry
Pentobarbital: C~11~H~18~N~2~O~3~. Mw: 226.27. (1) 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-, (±)-; (2)(±)-5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid. CAS-76-74-4.
Pentobarbital Sodium: C~11~H~17~N~2~NaO~3~. Mw: 248.25. Sodium 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbiturate. CAS-57-33-0.
Pharmacologic Category
Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Barbiturates. Barbiturate Anticonvulsant. (ATC-Code: N05CA01).
Mechanism of action
Short-acting barbiturate with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties.
Therapeutic use
Sedative/hypnotic. Preanesthetic. High-dose barbiturate coma for treatment of increased intracranial pressure or status epilepticus.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
May cause fetal harm. Barbiturates caused postpartum hemorrhage and hemorrhagic disease in neonates. Contraindicated during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to barbiturates or any component of the formulation. Marked hepatic impairment. Dyspnea or airway obstruction. Porphyria. Pregnancy.
Warnings and precautions
May cause CNS depression. May cause hypotension particularly when administered intravenously (use with caution in hemodynamically unstable patients (hypotension or shock)). May cause paradoxical responses, including agitation and hyperactivity, particularly in acute pain and pediatric patients. May cause respiratory depression, particularly when administered intravenously (use with caution in respiratory disease). Use with caution in depression or suicidal tendencies, and in hepatic or renal impairment. Potential for drug dependency exists. Tolerance, psychological and physical dependence may occur with prolonged use. Effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated. Use with caution in debilitated patients. Use as a hypnotic in the elderly not recommended due to its long half-life and potential for physical and psychological dependence. Use with caution in children. Should not be administered in acute pain. Tolerance to hypnotic effect can occur. Should not be discontinued abruptly.