Pentoxifylline
- Atc Codes:C04AD03
- CAS Codes:6493-05-6
- PHARMGKB ID:6493-05-6
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Pentohexal, Pentomer, Pentoxi, Pentoximed, Trental, Vasonit; Belgium: Torental; Bulgaria: Agapurin, Pentofyllin, Pentohexal, Pentoxifyllin, Pentoxipharm, Trental, Vasonit; Cyprus: Pentyllin, Trental; Czech Republic: Agapurin, Pentomer, Pentoxifyllin, Trental, Vasonit; Denmark: Trental; Estonia: Pentilin, Trental, Vasonit; Finland: Pentoxin, Trental; France: Pentoflux, Pentoxifylline, Torental; Germany: Agapurin, Claudicat, Durapental, Pentohexal, Pento-Puren, Pentox, Pentoxicux, Pentoxifyllin, Ralofekt, Rentylin, Trental; Greece: Tarontal; Hungary: Agapurin, Chinotal, Pentoxifyllin, Trental; Ireland: Trental; Italy: Behrifil, Trental; Luxembourg: Pentox, Pentoxifyllin, Rentylin, Torental; Netherlands: Trental; Poland: Agapurin, Apo-Pentox, Dartelin, Grofilina, Pentilin, Pentohexal, Pentoxifylline, Polfilin, Trental; Portugal: Claudicat, Pentoxifilina, Trental; Romania: Angiopent, Oxiflux, Pentoxi, Pentoxifilin, Pentoxifilina, Trental, Vasonit; Slovakia: Agapurin, Pentoxifyllin, Trental; Slovenia: Dartelin, Pentilin, Trental; Spain: Elorgán, Hemovas, Nelorpín, Pentoxifilina, Retimax; UK: Trental.
North America
Canada: Pentoxifylline, Trental; USA: Pentoxifylline, Pentoxil, Trental.
Latin America
Argentina: Dospan Pento, Pentolab, Previscan, Tamixol, Trental; Brazil: Arteron, Pentox, Pentoxifilina, Pentral, Pentrat, Peripan, Prodoxifilina, Trentafilina, Trental, Trentofil, Vascer; Mexico: Artelife, Eurotofi, Fixoten, Kentadin, Pensiral, Pentoxifilina, Sinsufyva, Sufisal, Tecxifil, Trental, Vantoxyl, Vasofyl, Vaxolem, Xinsol, Xipen.
Asia
Japan: Pentoxifylline.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Pentoxifylline: C~13~H~18~N~4~O~3~. Mw: 278.31. (1) 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-; (2) 1-(5-Oxohexyl)theobromine. CAS-6493-05-6 (1976).
Pharmacologic Category
Hemorrheologic Agents. Blood Viscosity Reducing Agent. (ATC-Code: C04AD03).
Mechanism of action
Reduces blood viscosity via increased leukocyte and erythrocyte deformability and decreased neutrophil adhesion/activation. Improves peripheral tissue oxygenation, presumably through enhanced blood flow.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of intermittent claudication on basis of chronic occlusive arterial disease of limbs.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic effects not observed in animal studies. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Not recommended during lactation.
Unlabeled use
AIDS patients with increased tumor necrosis factor, cerebrovascular accident, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetic atherosclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, gangrene, hemodialysis shunt thrombosis, vascular impotence, cerebral malaria, septic shock, sickle cell syndromes, vasculitis, and venous leg ulcers.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pentoxifylline, xanthines (e.g. caffeine, theophylline), or any component of the formulation. Recent cerebral and/or retinal hemorrhage.
Warnings and precautions
Angina, hypotension, and arrhythmia reported occasionally in concomitant coronary artery and/or cerebrovascular disease. Use with caution in the elderly.