Procaine
- Atc Codes:N01BA#C05AD05#S01HA05
- CAS Codes:51-05-8#59-46-1
- PHARMGKB ID:51-05-8#59-46-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Novanaest Purum; Czech Republic: Injectio Procainii, Prokain; France: Procaine; Germany: HanoNeural, Hewedolor, Lophakomp, Pasconeural, Procain; Greece: Procaine; Hungary: Prokain; Italy: Lenident, Recorcaina; Poland: Injectio Polocaini, Novesin, Polocainum; Slovakia: Procain; Spain: Procaína.
North America
Canada: Novocain; USA: Novocain.
Latin America
Argentina: Fadacaína, Procaín, Procaína, Procanest.
Asia
Japan: Omnicain, Procaine, Procanin, Rocain.
Drug combinations
Procaine and Antipyrine
Procaine and Ephedrine
Procaine and Epinephrine
Procaine, Gentamicin, and Phenazone
Procaine, Ginseng, and Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
Procaine, Hematoporphyrin, and Magnesium
Procaine, Chlorpromazine, Pyridoxine (Vitamin B~6~), and Scopolamine
Procaine, Gentamicin, Halibut Oil, and Phenazone
Other Procaine combinations: Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B~12~); Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B~12a~); Methionine; Niacinamide; Phosphate; Piritinol; Riboflavin (Vitamin B~2~); Thiamine (Vitamin B~1~)
Chemistry
Procaine Hydrochloride: C~13~H~20~N~2~O~2~ HCl. Mw: 272.77. Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, monohydrochloride. CAS-51-05-8; CAS-59-46-1 (procaine).
Pharmacologic Category
Local Anesthetics. (ATC-Code: C05AD05; N01BA0; S01HA05).
Mechanism of action
Decreasing permeability of neuronal membrane to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction of nerve impulses.
Therapeutic use
Produces spinal anesthesia.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Reproduction studies not conducted. Local anesthetics cross placenta. Effects to fetus depend on procedure and type of administration. Excretion in breast milk unknown (use caution).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to procaine, PABA, parabens, other ester local anesthetics, or any component of the formulation. Septicemia. Infection at injection site. Cerebrospinal system infections (e.g. meningitis, syphilis).
Warnings and precautions
Restlessness, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, depression, or drowsiness may be early warning signs of CNS toxicity, with local anesthetic injection. Local anesthetics associated with rare occurrences of sudden respiratory arrest. Convulsions due to systemic toxicity leading to cardiac arrest also reported, presumably following unintentional intravascular injection. Use with caution in cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, or hyperthyroidism (may be more susceptible to toxic effects of local anesthetics). Use with caution in acutely ill or debilitated patients, in the elderly, and in children. May contain sodium metabisulfite (use caution in sulfite allergy). Intravascular injections should be avoided.