Procaine

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Genes that may be involved
  • Drug Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Novanaest Purum; Czech Republic: Injectio Procainii, Prokain; France: Procaine; Germany: HanoNeural, Hewedolor, Lophakomp, Pasconeural, Procain; Greece: Procaine; Hungary: Prokain; Italy: Lenident, Recorcaina; Poland: Injectio Polocaini, Novesin, Polocainum; Slovakia: Procain; Spain: Procaína.

North America

Canada: Novocain; USA: Novocain.

Latin America

Argentina: Fadacaína, Procaín, Procaína, Procanest.

Asia

Japan: Omnicain, Procaine, Procanin, Rocain.

Drug combinations

Procaine and Antipyrine

Procaine and Ephedrine

Procaine and Epinephrine

Procaine, Gentamicin, and Phenazone

Procaine, Ginseng, and Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Procaine, Hematoporphyrin, and Magnesium

Procaine, Chlorpromazine, Pyridoxine (Vitamin B~6~), and Scopolamine

Procaine, Gentamicin, Halibut Oil, and Phenazone

Other Procaine combinations: Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B~12~); Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B~12a~); Methionine; Niacinamide; Phosphate; Piritinol; Riboflavin (Vitamin B~2~); Thiamine (Vitamin B~1~)

Chemistry

Procaine Hydrochloride: C~13~H~20~N~2~O~2~ HCl. Mw: 272.77. Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester, monohydrochloride. CAS-51-05-8; CAS-59-46-1 (procaine).

Pharmacologic Category

Local Anesthetics. (ATC-Code: C05AD05; N01BA0; S01HA05).

Mechanism of action

Decreasing permeability of neuronal membrane to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction of nerve impulses.

Therapeutic use

Produces spinal anesthesia.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Reproduction studies not conducted. Local anesthetics cross placenta. Effects to fetus depend on procedure and type of administration. Excretion in breast milk unknown (use caution).

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to procaine, PABA, parabens, other ester local anesthetics, or any component of the formulation. Septicemia. Infection at injection site. Cerebrospinal system infections (e.g. meningitis, syphilis).

Warnings and precautions

Restlessness, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, depression, or drowsiness may be early warning signs of CNS toxicity, with local anesthetic injection. Local anesthetics associated with rare occurrences of sudden respiratory arrest. Convulsions due to systemic toxicity leading to cardiac arrest also reported, presumably following unintentional intravascular injection. Use with caution in cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, or hyperthyroidism (may be more susceptible to toxic effects of local anesthetics). Use with caution in acutely ill or debilitated patients, in the elderly, and in children. May contain sodium metabisulfite (use caution in sulfite allergy). Intravascular injections should be avoided.

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