Procyclidine

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Genes that may be involved
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Kemadrin; Belgium: Kemadrin; Cyprus: Kemadrin; Czech Republic: Kemadrin; Denmark: Kemadrin; Germany: Osnervan; Greece: Kemadrin; Hungary: Kemadrin; Ireland: Kemadrin; Italy: Kemadrin; Luxembourg: Kemadrin; Spain: Kemadrén; Sweden: Kemadrin; UK: Arpicolin, Kemadrin.

North America

Canada: Procyclidine.

Drug combinations

Chemistry

Procyclidine Hydrochloride: C~19~H~29~NO HCl. Mw: 323.90. (1) 1-Pyrrolidinepropanol, α-cyclohexyl-α-phenyl-, hydrochloride; (2) α-Cyclohexyl-α-phenyl-1-pyrrolidinepropanol hydrochloride. CAS-1508-76-5; CAS-77-37-2 (procyclidine).

Pharmacologic Category

Antiparkinsonian Agents; Anticholinergic Agents. (ATC-Code: N04AA04).

Mechanism of action

Exhibits atropine-like action and exerts antispasmodic effects on parasympathetic-innervated peripheral structures including smooth muscle. Competitively inhibits acetylcholine or other cholinergic stimuli at autonomic effectors innervated by postganglionic nerves. Antagonizes certain muscarinic effects. May produce mydriasis and reduction in salivation.

Therapeutic use

Relieves symptoms of parkinsonian syndrome and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Safe use during pregnancy not established. Excretion in breast milk unknown (not recommended).

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to procyclidine or any component of the formulation. Angle-closure glaucoma. Myasthenia gravis. Safe use in children not established.

Warnings and precautions

May cause anhidrosis and hyperthermia, which may be severe (risk increased in hot environments, particularly in the elderly, alcoholics, patients with CNS disease, and those with prolonged outdoor exposure). May be associated with confusion or hallucinations (generally at higher dosages). Intensification of symptoms or toxic psychosis may occur in mental disorders. May cause CNS depression. When given in large doses or to susceptible patients, may cause weakness and inability to move particular muscle groups. Use with caution in tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, or hypotension. Use with caution in genitourinary obstruction, in hepatic or renal impairment, and in prostatic hyperplasia and/or urinary stricture or retention. The elderly frequently develop increased sensitivity (side-effects may be more severe in elderly patients with atherosclerotic changes).

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