Sodium Chloride
- Atc Codes:A12CA01#B05CB01#B05XA03#S01XA03
- CAS Codes:7647-14-5
- PHARMGKB ID:7647-14-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Toxicological Effects
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Natrium Chloratum Physiologicum; Belgium: Solution Saline Physiologica, Solution Saline Physiorhine; Bulgaria: Natrii Chloridum, Natrium Chloratum, Natrium Chlorid, Sodium Chloride; Cyprus: Sodium Chloride; Czech Republic: Sodium Chloride, Ardeaelytosol Conc. Natriumchlorid, Chlorid Sodný, Natrium Chloratum; Denmark: Natriumchlorid, Na.kl, Clear-Flex; Estonia: Sodium Chloride; Finland: NatriumKlorid; France: Chlorure de Sodium, Larmabak, Larmes Artificielles Martinet, Multilarm, Sodium Chlorure, Unilarm; Germany: NatriumChlorid; Greece: Smartdose, Sodium Chloride; Hungary: Hyperhaes, Natrium Chloratum, Natrium-Klorid, Ringer Laktát, Rins-Sal, Salsol; Ireland: Saline Steri-Neb, Sodium Chloride; Italy: SOD C; Latvia: Natrium Chloratum; Lithuania: Natrium Chloratum; Luxembourg: Chlorure de Sodium; Malta: Saline Nebulise Solution, Sodium Chloride; Netherlands: Allergopharma negatieve priktest, Natriumchloride; Poland: Chlorek Sodowy 24Na, Natrii Chlorati Isotonica, Natrium Chloratum, Oftarinol, Sodium Chloride, Sol-Opht, Solnasin; Portugal: Cloreto de Sodio; Romania: Clorura de Sodiu; Slovakia: Sodium chloride; Slovenia: Natrijev klorid; Spain: Cloruro de Sodio, Cloruro Sódico, Suero Fisiológico; Sweden: NatriumKlorid; UK: Minims Saline, Slow Sodium, Sodium Chloride.
North America
Canada: Sodium Chloride, Nat Mur Schuessler Cell Salt Homaccord, Nat. Mur., Natrium Muriaticum, Optics Laboratory Ocufresh, Physiological Saline, Saline Nasal Mist, Salinex, Sod Chlor, Sodium Chloride, Sterile Wipes, Thalanex, Thalaris Buc; USA: Broncho Saline, Sodium Chloride.
Latin America
Argentina: Aqua Lent Solución Salina Fisiológica, Cloruro de Sodio, Hypersol, Larmabak, Muro 128, Relente, Solución Clorurada Hipertónica, Solución Fisiológica, Solución Salina, Suaviler, Xylisol; Brazil: Advnasal, Cloreto de Sódio, Maxidrate, Rinosoro Sic, Salsep, Solución Fisológica de Cloreto de Sódio, Sorine H; Mexico: Cloruro de Sodio, Corni Limp. Ofteno, Hipertón, Phylarm, Solución Fisológica de Cloruro de Sodio.
Asia
Japan: Conclyte-Na, Mediject Na, Miotecter, Saltnin.
Drug combinations
Sodium Chloride: Amino Acids; Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C); Belladonna; Biguanide; Borax; Boric Acid; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium Chloride; Calcium Citrate; Citric Acid; Dextrose; Edetate Calcium Disodium; Ferrous Sulfate; Fluoride; Glutathione Disulfide; Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose; Hydroxyethyl; Junior Powder; Macrogol; Magnesium Acetate; Magnesium Chloride; Phosphoric Acid; Poly (0-2 hydroxyethyl) Starch; Polyethylene Glycol; Potassium Acetate; Potassium Chloride; Potassium Phosphate; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Ascorbate; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Citrate; Sodium Lactate; Sodium Hyaluronate; Sodium Phosphate; Sodium Sulfate; Soybean Oil; Witch Hazel
Chemistry
Sodium Chloride: NaCl. Mw: 58.44. CAS-7647-14-5.
Pharmacologic Category
Replacement Preparations; Electrolyte Solutions. Parenteral Electrolyte Supplement. Irrigating Solutions. Ocular Lubricant. Sodium Salt. (ATC-Code: A12CA01; B05CB01; B05XA03; S01XA03).
Mechanism of action
Required for regulation of acid-base balance equilibrium. Sodium, the principal extracellular fluid cation, controls water distribution, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure of body fluids. Chloride, the major extracellular anion, reflects changes in acid-base balance of the body and has buffering action when oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in red blood cells. Can induce diuresis depending on volume administered and clinical condition of patient.
Therapeutic use
Severe hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Restoration of water/sodium losses. Reduction of corneal edema. Restoration of moisture to pulmonary system/nasal membranes. Wound cleansing, irrigation, and flushing.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Unlabeled use
Traumatic brain injury (hypertonic sodium chloride).
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sodium chloride or any component of the formulation. Hypertonic uterus, hypernatremia, fluid retention. Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection contraindicated in neonates. 3 and 5% sodium chloride injections if increased, normal, or only slightly decreased serum electrolyte concentrations. 0.9% injection, not for injection by usual parenteral routes of infusion, including infusion through I.V. administration sets. 14.6% sodium chloride injection, if hypernatremia or fluid retention.
Warnings and precautions
Sodium toxicity almost exclusively related to speed of correction of sodium deficit. Use with caution in cirrhosis, in edema, in heart failure, in hypertension, and in renal impairment (may cause sodium retention). Do not use bacteriostatic sodium chloride in newborns since benzyl alcohol preservatives associated with toxicity. Irrigants are for external use only.