Sodium Oxybate
- Atc Codes:N01AX11#N07XX04
- CAS Codes:502-85-2#591-81-1
- PHARMGKB ID:502-85-2#591-81-1
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Alcover, Xyrem; Belgium: Xyrem; Bulgaria: Xyrem; Cyprus: Xyrem; Czech Republic: Xyrem; Denmark: Xyrem; Estonia: Xyrem; Finland: Xyrem; France: Xyrem; Germany: Somsanit, Xyrem; Hungary: Xyrem; Ireland: Xyrem; Italy: Alcover, Xyrem; Latvia: Nātrija Oksibutirāts, Xyrem; Lithuania: Xyrem; Luxembourg: Xyrem; Malta: Xyrem; Netherlands: Xyrem; Poland: Xyrem; Portugal: Xyrem; Romania: Xyrem; Slovakia: Xyrem; Slovenia: Xyrem; Spain: Xyrem; Sweden: Xyrem; UK: Xyrem.
North America
Canada: Xyrem; USA: Xyrem.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Sodium Oxybate: C~4~H~7~NaO~3~. Mw: 126.09. (1) Butanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, sodium salt; (2) Sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate. CAS-502-85-2; CAS-591-81-1 (4-hydroxybutanoic acid)(1966).
Pharmacologic Category
Central Nervous System Agents, Miscellaneous. (ATC-Code: N01AX11; N07XX04).
Mechanism of action
Derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it acts as inhibitory chemical transmitter in brain. May function through specific receptors for gamma-hydroxybutyrate and GABA(B). Improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Exhibits anticataleptic activity in narcolepsy. Also exhibits hypnotic, amnesic, and hypotonic (i.e. causes hypotonia) activity.
Therapeutic use
Cataplexy and daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Reproduction studies in animals have not shown teratogenic effects. There are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Excretion in breast milk unknown (use with caution in nursing women).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sodium oxybate or any component of the formulation. Ethanol and other CNS depressants. Semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
Warnings and precautions
A CNS depressant with abuse potential. May cause confusion, psychosis, paranoia, hallucinations, agitation, depression and sleepwalking (use caution with history of depression or suicide attempt). May cause urinary and/or fecal incontinence. Use with caution in heart failure or hypertension (contains significant amounts of sodium), in hepatic impairment, in renal impairment (contains significant amounts of sodium), and with compromised respiratory function (may impair respiratory drive). Rapid onset of CNS-depressant effects.