Zaleplon

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Sonata, Zerene; Belgium: Sonata; Cyprus: Sonata, Zerene; Czech Republic: Sonata, Zerene; Denmark: Sonata; Estonia: Sonata, Zerene; Finland: Sonata; Germany: Sonata, Zerene; Hungary: Sonata, Zerene; Ireland: Sonata, Zerene; Italy: Sonata, Zerene; Latvia: Sonata, Zerene; Lithuania: Sonata, Zerene; Luxembourg: Sonata, Zerene; Malta: Sonata, Zerene; Netherlands: Sonata, Zerene; Poland: Selofen, Sonata, Zerene; Portugal: Sonata, Zerene; Romania: Sonata, Zerene; Slovakia: Sonata, Zerene; Sweden: Sonata, Zerene; UK: Sonata.

North America

USA: Sonata, Zaleplon.

Latin America

Argentina: Hegón, Hipnodem; Brazil: Sonata.

Drug combinations

Chemistry

Zaleplon: C~17~H~15~N~5~O. Mw: 305.33. (1) Acetamide, N-[3-(3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl]-N-ethyl-; (2) 3′-(3-Cyanopyrazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidin-7-yl)-N-ethylacetanilide. CAS-151319-34-5 (1994).

Pharmacologic Category

Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Miscellaneous. Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic. (ATC-Code: N05CF03).

Mechanism of action

Zaleplon interacts with benzodiazepine GABA receptor complex. Nonclinical studies have shown that it binds selectively to brain ω~1~ receptor situated on α-subunit of GABA-A receptor complex.

Therapeutic use

Short-term treatment of insomnia.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Not recommended for use during pregnancy and in nursing women.

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to zaleplon or any component of the formulation.

Warnings and precautions

Hypnotics/sedatives associated with abnormal thinking and behavior changes, including decreased inhibition, aggression, bizarre behavior, agitation, hallucinations, depersonalization. Amnesia can occur. May cause CNS depression. Use with caution in depression (worsening of depression, including suicidal ideation, reported with use of hypnotics). Use with caution in history of drug dependence, in hepatic impairment (avoid use in severe impairment), in respiratory compromise, COPD, or sleep apnea; in the elderly, and in patients receiving other CNS depressants or psychoactive medication (effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated). Capsules contain tartrazine (FD&C Yellow No. 5)(avoid in sensitivity (caution in asthma)). Rapid onset of action. Abrupt discontinuance may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema) and complex sleep-related behaviors, which may include sleep-driving, making phone calls, and preparing and eating food while asleep. Zaleplon may be associated with lower potential for abuse compared to benzodiazepines.

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