Zolpidem
- Atc Codes:N05CF02
- CAS Codes:99294-93-6#82626-48-0
- PHARMGKB ID:99294-93-6#82626-48-0
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Ivadal, Mondeal, Zolpidem; Belgium: Stilnoct, Zolpidem, Zolpitop; Bulgaria: Hypnogen, Stilnox, Zolsana, Zonadin; Czech Republic: Eanox, Hypnogen, Stilnox, Zolpidem; Denmark: Nimadorm, Stilnoct, Zolpidem, Zonoct; Estonia: Hypnogen, Stilnox, Zolpidem, Zolsana; Finland: Somnor, Stella, Stilnoct, Zolpidem; France: Stilnox, Zolpidem; Germany: Bikalm, Ivadal, Stilnoct, Stilnox, Zodormdura, Zoldem, Zolirin, Zolpidem, Zolpi Lich, Zolpinox, ZolpiWin; Greece: Alespan, Hypnoforin, Stilnox, Zolpidem; Hungary: Ambien, Pidezol, Sanval, Stilnox; Ireland: Nytamel, Stilnoct, Zoldem, Zolnod; Italy: Niotal, Stilnox, Zolpidem; Latvia: Zolpidem; Lithuania: Hypnogen, Stilnox, Zolpidem, Zolsana; Luxembourg: Stilnoct, Zolpidem; Netherlands: Stilnoct, Zolpidem; Poland: Hypnogen, Sanval, Stilnox, Zolpic; Portugal: Cymerion, Stilnox, Zolpidem; Spain: Dalparán, Stilnox, Zolpidem; Sweden: Brildem, Stilnoct, Zolpidem; UK: Stilnoct, Zolpidem.
North America
USA: Ambien, Edluar, Zolpidem, Zolpimist.
Latin America
Argentina: Ambién, Dormilán, Durnit, Nocte, Somit, Somnipax, Sumenán, Zolodorm; Brazil: Lioram, Stilnox; Mexico: Nitrest, Nocte, Stilnox.
Asia
Japan: Myslee.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Zolpidem Tartrate: (C~19~H~21~N~3~O)~2~C~4~H~6~O~6~. Mw: 764.87. (1) Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide, N,N,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-, [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1); (2) N,N,6-Trimethyl-2-p-tolylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide L-(+)-tartrate (2:1). CAS-99294-93-6; CAS-82626-48-0 (zolpidem)(1987).
Pharmacologic Category
Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics; Miscellaneous. Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic. (ATC-Code: N05CF02).
Mechanism of action
Enhances activity of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, via selective agonism at benzodiazepine-1 (BZ1) receptor. Result is increased chloride conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of action potential, and decrease in neuronal excitability leading to sedative and hypnotic effects. Exhibits minimal anxiolytic, myorelaxant, and anticonvulsant properties.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of insomnia (with difficulty of sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance).
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic effects not observed in animal studies. Children born of mothers taking sedatives/hypnotics may be at risk for withdrawal symptoms. Neonatal flaccidity reported in infants following maternal use of sedatives/hypnotics during pregnancy. Enters breast milk.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to zolpidem or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Hypnotics/sedatives associated with abnormal thinking and behavior changes including decreased inhibition, aggression, bizarre behavior, agitation, hallucinations, and depersonalization. May cause CNS depression. Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis and angioedema) may occur with use of hypnotic/sedative agents for sleep. Increased risk for hazardous sleep-related activities. Use with caution in depression (worsening of depression, including suicide or suicidal ideation reported with use of hypnotics), in history of drug dependence, in hepatic impairment, and in myasthenia gravis. Use with caution in respiratory compromise, COPD, or sleep apnea; also in patients receiving other CNS depressants or psychoactive medication (effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated). Rapid onset of action. Use with caution in the elderly. Abrupt discontinuance may lead to withdrawal symptoms.