Pentamidine
- Atc Codes:P01CX01
- CAS Codes:140-64-7
- PHARMGKB ID:140-64-7
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Belgium: Pentacarinat; France: Pentacarinat; Germany: Pentacarinat; Greece: Pentacarinat, Pentam; Ireland: Pentacarinat; Italy: Pentacarinat; Luxembourg: Pentacarinat; Netherlands: Pentacarinat; Portugal: Pentamina; Spain: Pentamidina; UK: Pentacarinat.
North America
USA: Nebupent, Pentam, Pentamidine.
Latin America
Argentina: Pentamidina; Brazil: Pentacarinat.
Asia
Japan: Pentam.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Pentamidine Isethionate: C~23~H~36~N~4~O~10~S~2~. Mw: 592.70. (1) Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, compd. with 4,4′-[1,5-pentanediylbis(oxy)]bis [benzenecarboximidamide]; (2) 4,4′-(Pentane-1,5-diylbis(oxy))dibenzimidamide bis(2-hydroxyethanesulfonate). CAS-140-64-7 (2007).
Pharmacologic Category
Miscellanous Antiprotozoals. (ATC-Code: P01CX01).
Mechanism of action
Interferes with RNA/DNA, phospholipids and protein synthesis, through inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and/or interference with incorporation of nucleotides and nucleic acids into RNA and DNA, in protozoa.
Therapeutic use
Treatment and prevention of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Use with caution during pregnancy or lactation.
Unlabeled use
Treatment of trypanosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pentamidine isethionate or any component of the formulation (inhalation and injection).
Warnings and precautions
Severe hypotension (some fatalities) observed (more common with rapid intravenous administration). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in asthma, in pre-existing cardiovascular disease, in diabetes mellitus, in current evidence and/or prior history of hematologic disorders, in renal or hepatic impairment, and in history of pancreatic disease or elevated amylase/lipase levels. Extravasation may cause tissue ulceration and/or necrosis.