Cloxacillin
- Atc Codes:F01#J01CF02#J01CF05
- CAS Codes:7081-44-9#642-78-4
- PHARMGKB ID:7081-44-9#642-78-4
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Cyprus: Cloxacillin; Finland: Cloxacillin, Staflocil; France: Cloxacilline, Orbenine; Italy: Cloxac; Poland: Syntarpen; Spain: Anaclosil, Cloxacilina, Orbenin; Sweden: Cloxacillin, Ekvacillin.
North America
Canada: Apo Cloxi, Cloxacillin, Novo-Cloxin, Nu-Cloxi.
Drug combinations
Cloxacillin and Amoxicillin
Cloxacillin and Ampicillin
Cloxacillin and Neomycin
Chemistry
Cloxacillin Sodium: C~19~H~17~ClN~3~NaO~5~S H~2~O. Mw: 475.88. (1) 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, monohydrate, [2S-(2α,5α,6β)]-; (2) Monosodium (2S,5R,6R)-6-[3-(o-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate monohydrate. CAS-7081-44-9; CAS-642-78-4 (anhydrous)(1963).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins. (ATC-Code: J01CF02; 01CF01; J01CF05).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins.
Therapeutic use
Susceptible bacterial infections (β-hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, penicillinase-producing staphylococci).
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Cloxacillin crosses the placenta and distributes into fetal tissue. In general, penicillins as a class are considered safe for use during pregnancy. Enters breast milk (use caution).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cloxacillin, other penicillins, cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Serious and occasionally severe or fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactoid) reactions reported in patients on penicillin therapy, especially with history of β-lactam hypersensitivity, history of sensitivity to multiple allergens, or previous IgE-mediated reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria). Use with caution in asthmatic patients. Penicillin use has been associated with hematologic disorders (e.g. agranulocytosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) believed to be a hypersensitivity phenomena. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in renal impairment. Neonates may have decreased renal clearance of cloxacillin.