Acyclovir
- Atc Codes:D06BB03#J05AB01#S01AD03
- CAS Codes:59277-89-3#69657-51-8
- PHARMGKB ID:59277-89-3#69657-51-8
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Accarix, Acic, Aciclobene, Aciclostad, Aciclovir, Activir, Herpomed, Nycovir, Viromed, Xorox, Zovirax; Belgium: Aciclomed, Aciclovir, Docaciclo, Viratop, Zovirax; Bulgaria: Acic, Aciclovir, Acyclovir, Acyclostad, Zovirax; Cyprus: Acic, Cyclovax, Medovir, Ozipax, Syntovir, Verpir, Virucid, Zovirax; Czech Republic: Aciclovir, Acyclostad, Herpesin, Provirsan, Ranvir, Zovirax; Denmark: Aciclodan, Aciclovir, Acivir, Avirox, Geavir, Herpavir, Zovir; Estonia: Acic, Aciclovir, Acyclostad, Zovirax; Finland: Aciclovir, Aclotad, Aclovir, Acyclostad, Acyrax, Antix, Herpolips, Zovirax; France: Aciclovir, Activir, Herpevir, Kendix, Remex, Virucalm, Zovirax; Germany: Acerpes, Acic, Aciclo, Aciclobeta, Aciclostad, Aciclovir, Acivir, Acyclovir, Dynexan Herpescreme, Herpetad, Mapox, Supraviran, Virax-Puren, Virulax, Virupos, Virzin, Zoliparin, Zovirax; Greece: Abduce, Aciclovir, Amitrox, Cargosil, Cevinolon, Cycloviran, Erpaclovir, Erpizon, Etasisen, Hagevir, Helposol, Herzkur, Neldim, Pulibex, Uniplex, Verpir, Virusteril, Zeramil, Zicoten, Zidovimm, Zovirax; Hungary: Aciclovir, Acyclostad, Cusiviral, Herpesin, Telviran, Virolex, Zovirax; Ireland: Acic, Aciclovir, Bellvirax, Herpetad Cold Sore, Soothelip, Viralief, Zovirax; Italy: Aciclin, Aciclovir, Acy, Alovir, Amodivyr, Avirase, Avix, Avyclor, Avyplus, Cycloviran, Dravyr, Efriviral, Esavir, Fuviron, Herpesnil, Iliaclor, Neviran, Riduvir, Sanavir, Voraclor, Zovirax; Latvia: Acic, Aciclovir, Acivir, Acyclostad, Acyclovir, Herpelāns, Heviran, Provirsan, Virolex; Lithuania: Acyclovir; Luxembourg: Acic, Aciclovir, Docaciclo, Herpetad, Herpolips, Mapox, Supraviran, Zovirax; Malta: Aciclovir, Medovir, Virucid, Zovirax; Netherlands: Aciclovir, Acyclostad, Herpolips, Kruidvat, Zovirax; Poland: Aciclovir, Acix, Acyclovir, Acyclowir, Antivir, Awirol, Cusiviral, Hascovir, Herpesin, Herpex, Heviran, Ranviran, Virolex, Viru-Pos, Xorovir, Zovirax; Portugal: Aciclosina, Aciclovax, Aciclovir, Briclofar, Cicloviral, Divicil, Faulviral, Hermix-Sofex, Milavir, Vidovir, Zov, Zovirax; Romania: Aciclovir, Aciklovir, Cloviral, Euvirox, Lovir, Virolex, Zovirax; Slovakia: Aciclovir, Acyclostad, Acyclovir, Herpesin, Provirsan, Telviran, Virolex, Zovirax; Slovenia: Virolex; Spain: Aciclostad, Aciclovir, Bel Labial, Virherpes, Viruderm, Zovicrem, Zovirax; Sweden: Aciclovir, Aciklovir, Anti, Contra, Geavir, Zovirax; UK: Aciclovir, Zovirax.
North America
Canada: Acyclovir, Zovirax; USA: Acyclovir, Zovirax.
Latin America
Argentina: Acerpes, Aciclotex, Aciclovir, Apofarm, Dioxis, Duolip, Lafevir, Lisovyr, Oralsone Herpes VL, Poviral, Virostatic, Xiclovir, Zovirax; Brazil: Aciclomed, Aciclor, Aciclovir, Aciveral, Acivirax, Anclomax, Antivirax, Aviral, Ductovirax, Ezopen, Heclivir, Hervirax, Hpvir, Uni Vir, Zovirax; Mexico: Aciclovir, Acifur, Akevir, Apo-Vir, Avirex, Bioviraz, Brimex, Cicloferon, Clirbest, Clociver, Clovex, Clyvorax, Erser, Firex, Hercivir, Herpilem, Isavir, Kerastil, Laciken, Landvir, Lesaclor, Maclov, Seracic, Sinarden, Sophivir Ungena, Soviclor, Vicloran, Viclovir, Virestat, Viroxil, Zirconia, Ziverone, Zovirax.
Asia
Japan: Aciclomerck, Aciclovin, Aciclovir, Acilomin, Acirovec, Acivir, Actidas, Actios, Acycril, Ailax, Airnurse, Astric, Clovate, Grosparl, Natazil, Pharrax, Sunacyl, Tomill, Vercusron, Vicclox, Virlex, Viruhexal, Vizocross, Zobiatron, Zobiclobill, Zobistat, Zovirax.
Drug combinations
Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone
Chemistry
Acyclovir: C~8~H~11~N~5~O~3~. Mw: 225.20. (1) 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-; (2) 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine. CAS-59277-89-3 (1979).
Acyclovir Sodium: C~8~H~10~N~5~NaO~3~. Mw: 247.19. (1) 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-, monosodium salt; (2) 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine monosodium salt. CAS-69657-51-8 (1984).
Pharmacologic Category
Antiviral Agents; Nucleosides and Nucleotides. (ATC-Code: D06BB03; J05AB01; J05AB01; S01AD03).
Mechanism of action
Antiviral effect against herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus by interfering with DNA synthesis. Acyclovir triphosphate is the pharmacologically active form of the drug.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of genital herpes simplex virus, herpes labialis (cold sores), herpes zoster (shingles), HSV encephalitis, neonatal HSV, mucocutaneous HSV in immunocompromised patients, varicella-zoster (chickenpox).
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Use cautiously during pregnancy and only when clearly needed. Nursing mothers with herpetic lesions near or on the breast should avoid breast-feeding.
Unlabeled use
Prevention of HSV reactivation in HIV-positive patients, in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) and during periods of neutropenia in acute leukemia.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Renal failure reported (dehydration, pre-existing renal disease and nephrotoxic drugs increase risk). Thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome reported. Dose adjustments recommended with pre-existing renal impairment. Use with caution in patients receiving other nephrotoxic drugs or in immunocompromised patients. Use with caution in the elderly. Caution in I.V. preparations in neurologic abnormalities, serious hepatic or electrolyte abnormalities and in substantial hypoxia. Maintain adequate hydration during therapy.