Cefdinir
- Atc Codes:J01DD15
- CAS Codes:91832-40-5
- PHARMGKB ID:91832-40-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Toxicological Effects
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
North America
USA: Cefdinir, Omnicef.
Latin America
Mexico: Omnicef-R.
Asia
Japan: Cefzon.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Cefdinir: C~14~H~13~N~5~O~5~S~2~. Mw: 395.41. (1) 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-, [6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]-; (2)(-)-(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)glyoxylamido]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7^2^-(Z)-oxime. CAS-91832-40-5 (1991).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Third Generation Cephalosporins. (ATC-Code: J01DD15).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins. Active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only), S. pyogenes (group A β-hemolytic streptococci), and Staphylococcus aureus. Also active in vitro against S. agalactiae (group B streptococci), S. epidermidis (oxacillin-susceptible strains only), and viridans streptococci. Enterococci (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis) and oxacillin-resistant (methicillin-resistant) staphylococci are resistant. It is active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as non-β-lactamase-producing and β-lactamase-producing strains of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Also active in vitro against Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. Inactive against most strains of Enterobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Therapeutic use
Community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, acute maxillary sinusitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic events not observed in animal studies. It is not known if cefdinir crosses human placenta. Excretion in breast milk unknown.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cefdinir, any component of the formulation, other cephalosporins, or related antibiotics.
Warnings and precautions
Use with caution in history of penicillin allergy, especially IgE-mediated reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in renal impairment. In neonates, risk of «gasping syndrome» (potentially fatal) due to consumption of benzoic acid (present in oral suspension). Higher incidence of diarrhea and rash in pediatric patients 2 years of age or younger. Well tolerated in geriatric patients (lower incidence of adverse effects). No evidence of mutagenicity.