Ceftazidime
- Atc Codes:J01DD02
- CAS Codes:78439-06-2#72558-82-8
- PHARMGKB ID:78439-06-2#72558-82-8
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Ceftazidim, Fortum, Kefazim; Belgium: Ceftazidim, Glazidim, Kefadim; Bulgaria: Ceftazim, Fortum; Cyprus: Fortum, Lemoxol, Septax; Czech Republic: Ceftazidim, Fortum; Denmark: Ceftazidim, Fortum; Estonia: Ceftazidime, Fortum, Lemoxol; Finland: Ceftazidim, Glazidim; France: Ceftazidime, Fortum, Fortumset; Germany: Ceftazidim, Fortum, Infectozidim, Solvetan; Greece: Ceftadirem, Fortum, Lemoxol, Limozidim, Malocef, Novocral, Septax, Sipiel, Solvetan; Hungary: Ceftazidim, Fortum; Ireland: Ceftazidime, Fortum; Italy: Ceftazidima, Deltazime, Dizatec, Etazim, Fribat, Glazidim, Liotixil, Mazdima, Panzid, Spectrum, Starcef, Tazidif, Tottizim; Latvia: Ceftazidime, Fortum; Lithuania: Biotum, Ceftazidime, Fortum; Luxembourg: Glazidim, Kefadim; Malta: Ceftazidime, Cezidin, Fortum; Netherlands: Ceftazidim, Fortum, Tazalux; Poland: Biotum, Ceftagen, Fortum, Mirocef, Zefadym; Portugal: Cefortam, Ceftazidima, Ceftazim, Zidimox; Romania: Ceftamil, Ceftidin, Fortum; Slovakia: Ceftazidim, Fortum; Slovenia: Fortum, Mirocef; Spain: Ceftazidima, Fortam, Kefamin; Sweden: Ceftazidim, Fortum; UK: Ceftazidime, Fortum, Kefadim.
North America
Canada: Fortaz; USA: Ceftazidime, Fortaz, Tazicef.
Latin America
Argentina: Ceftazidima, Crima, Fortum, Pluseptic, Tinacef; Brazil: Ceftazidima, Ceftazidon, Ceften, Cetaz, Fortaz, Intracef, Kefadim; Mexico: Ceftazidima, Fenit, Fortum, Izadima, Tagal, Taxifur, Teczidima, Zadolina.
Asia
Japan: Ceftazidime, Mobenzocin, Modacin, Modakemin, Mosyl, Sepadacin.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Ceftazidime: C~22~H~22~N~6~O~7~S~2~ 5H~2~O. Mw: 636.65. (1) Pyridinium, 1-[[7-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-, hydroxide, inner salt, pentahydrate, [6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]-; (2) 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)glyoxylamido]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]pyridinium hydroxide, inner salt, 7^2^-(Z)-[O-(1-carboxy-1-methylethyl)oxime], pentahydrate. CAS-78439-06-2; CAS-72558-82-8 (anhydrous)(1980).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Third Generation Cephalosporins. (ATC-Code: J01DD02).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins. Usually bactericidal. Active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, such as S. aureus (including β-lactamase-producing strains), S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes (group A β-hemolytic streptococci), and S. agalactiae (group B streptococci). Oxacillin-resistant (methicillin-resistant) staphylococci and enterococci (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis) are resistant. Active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as Citrobacter (including C. freundii, C. diversus), Enterobacter (including E. aerogenes, E. cloacae), E. coli, H. influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Klebsiella (including K. pneumoniae), Neisseria meningitidis, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas (including Ps. aeruginosa), and Serratia. Also active in vitro against Acinetobacter, H. parainfluenzae, Morganella morganii, N. gonorrhoeae, Providencia (including P. rettgeri), Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Active in vitro against anaerobes such as Bacteroides; many strains of B. fragilis are resistant. Also active in vitro against Clostridium (except C. difficile), Peptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus. Inactive against Chlamydia, fungi, and viruses.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of documented susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and infections due to other susceptible aerobic Gram-negative organisms. Empiric therapy of a febrile, granulocytopenic patient.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic effects not observed in animal studies. Ceftazidime crosses the placenta and reaches the cord serum and amniotic fluid. After the first trimester, serum concentrations decrease by approximately 50% of those in nonpregnant patients. Renal clearance is increased during pregnancy. Enters breast milk (small amounts).
Unlabeled use
Bacterial endophthalmitis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins.
Warnings and precautions
May be associated with increased INR, especially in nutritionally-deficient patients, prolonged treatment, hepatic or renal disease. Use with caution in history of penicillin allergy, especially IgE-mediated reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in renal impairment. Use with caution in history of seizure disorder (high levels, particularly in the presence of renal impairment, may increase risk of seizures). May cause positive direct Coombs’ test, false-positive urinary glucose test using cupric sulfate, false-positive serum or urine creatinine with Jaffé reaction.