Ceftizoxime
- Atc Codes:J01DD07
- CAS Codes:68401-82-1#68401-81-0
- PHARMGKB ID:68401-82-1#68401-81-0
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Italy: Eposerin; Portugal: Cefizox.
North America
USA: Cefizox.
Asia
Japan: Epocelin.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Ceftizoxime Sodium: C~13~H~12~N~5~NaO~5~S~2~. Mw: 405.38. (1) 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-imino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxomonosodium salt, [6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]-; (2) Sodium (6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-imino-4-thiazolin-4-yl)glyoxylamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 7^2^-(Z)-(O-methyloxime). CAS-68401-82-1; CAS-68401-81-0 (ceftizoxime)(1980).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Third Generation Cephalosporins. (ATC-Code: J01DD07).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins. Usually bactericidal. Active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes (group A β-hemolytic streptococci), S. agalactiae (group B streptococci), S. aureus and S. epidermidis (including penicillinase-producing strains). Also active in vitro against Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Active in vitro and in clinical infections against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, H. influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), K. pneumoniae, M. morganii, N. gonorrhoeae, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, Ps. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens. Also active in vitro against Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter, Moraxella, N. meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida, Providencia stuartii, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Less active than ceftazidime against Ps. aeruginosa. Active in vitro against anaerobes such as Bacteroides, Peptococcus, and Peptostreptococus. Also active in vitro against Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium (most strains of C. difficile are resistant), Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, and Veillonella. Inactive against Chlamydia, fungi, and viruses.
Therapeutic use
Susceptible bacterial infections, mainly respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, urinary tract and gynecologic, as well as septicemia.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic effects not observed in animal studies. Ceftizoxime crosses the placenta and is found in the cord blood and amniotic fluid in amounts higher than the maternal serum. Enters breast milk (small amounts).
Unlabeled use
Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, or E. coli. Perioperative prophylaxis in patients undergoing biliary tract or colorectal surgery.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ceftizoxime, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins.
Warnings and precautions
Use with caution in history of penicillin allergy, especially IgE-mediated reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use with caution in renal impairment. May cause positive direct Coombs’ test, false-positive urinary glucose test using cupric sulfate, false-positive serum or urine creatinine with Jaffé reaction.