Clindamycin
- Atc Codes:D10AF01#G01AA10#J01FF01
- CAS Codes:18323-44-9#25507-04-4#36688-78-5#24729-96-2
- PHARMGKB ID:18323-44-9#25507-04-4#36688-78-5#24729-96-2
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Toxicological Effects
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Clindac, Clindamycin, Dalacin C, Lanacine, Zindaclin; Belgium: Dalacin, Zindaclin; Bulgaria: Clindamycin, Dalacin C; Cyprus: Arfarel, Dalacin C, Fouch, Lindasol, Zindaclin; Czech Republic: Clindamycin, Dalacin C, Klimicin, Zindaclin; Denmark: Clindamycin, Dalacin, Myclin; Estonia: Clindamycin, Dalacin; Finland: Clinacin, Clindamycin, Dalacin, Klindagol, Myclin; France: Clindamycine, Dalacine, Zindacline; Germany: Aniclindan, Basocin, Cleorobe, Clin-Sanorania, Clinacin, Clinda, Clindabeta, Clindac, Clindakne, Clindalind, Clindamycin, Clindasol, Clindatop, Dalacin C, Dentomycin 300, Eficline, Jutaclin, Sobelin, Turimycin, Zindaclin; Greece: Borophen, Botamycin-N, Clidacin, Clymicen, Clindagel, Clindamycin, Dalacin C, Edason, Fouch, Lindasol, Sotomycin, Toliken, Upderm, Vagiclin, Veldom, Velkaderm, Ygielle, Zindaclin; Hungary: Clindamycin, Dalacin, Klimicin, Zindaclin; Ireland: Clindamycin, Dalacin C, Zindaclin; Italy: Cleocin, Clindamicina, Dalacin-C, Zindaclin; Latvia: Clindamycin, Dalacin, Zindaclin; Lithuania: Clindamycin, Dalacin, Zindaclin; Luxembourg: Dalacin C; Malta: Dalacin C; Netherlands: Clindamycine, Dalacin C; Poland: Aknezel K, Clindacin, Clindacne, Clindamycin, Clindo, Dalacin C, Klimicin, Zindaclin; Portugal: Clincina, Clindamicina, Dalacin C, Zindaclin; Romania: Clindamycin, Dalacin C; Slovakia: Clindamycin, Dalacin C, Klimicin; Slovenia: Dalacin C, Klimicin, Zindaclin; Spain: Clindamicina, Dalacin, Zindaclin; Sweden: Clindagel, Clindamycin, Dalacin, Myclin; UK: Clindamycin, Dalacin C.
North America
Canada: Clindamycin, Clinda-T, Clindasol, Clindets, Dalacin C; USA: Cleocin, Clinda-Derm, Clindagel, Clindamycin, Clindesse, Clindets, Evoclin.
Latin America
Argentina: Acnestop, Clindacin, Clindalaf, Clindamicina, Clindopax, Clintopic, Dalacin C, Naxoclinda, Torgyn; Brazil: Anaerocid, Clinagel, Clindabiotic, Clindacne, Clindamicina, Clindamin C, Clindarix, Dalacin C; Mexico: Aktufoam, Apomiclin, Biodaclin, Cigmadil, Clendazaf, Clendix, Clidets, Clindamizina, Cliran, Cobatin, Cutaclin, Dalacin C, Dalafar, Dalatina, Damiclin, Destralina, Feisclin, Galecin, Indamid, Lindacil, Lisiken, Losertrin, Lyrfhis, Trexen, Ulmicy.
Asia
Japan: Clidamacin, Clindamycin, Dalacin, Handaramin, Lintacin, Midocin, Panancocin.
Drug combinations
Clindamycin and Benzoyl Peroxide
Clindamycin and Ketaconazole
Clindamycin and Tretinoin
Clindamycin and Zinc
Chemistry
Clindamycin: C~18~H~33~ClN~2~O~5~S. Mw: 424.98. (1) L-threo-α-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-[[(1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-, (2S-trans)-; (2) Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside; (3) 7(S)-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin. CAS-18323-44-9 (1968).
Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride: C~34~H~63~ClN~2~O~6~S HCl. Mw: 699.85. Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-palmitate monohydrochloride. CAS-25507-04-4; CAS-36688-78-5 (clindamycin palmitate)(1974).
Clindamycin Phosphate: C~18~H~34~ClN~2~O~8~PS. Mw: 504.96. 7(S)-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin 2-phosphate. CAS-24729-96-2 (1972).
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Lincomycins. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents; Antibacterials. (ATC-Code: D10AF01; G01AA10; J01FF01).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by reversibly binding to 50 S ribosomal subunits. May be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action. Exact mechanisms of action in treatment of acne vulgaris not fully elucidated (may cause a reduction of acne vulgaris lesions). Inhibits skin surface growth of susceptible organisms (primarily Propionibacterium acnes), reduces formation and concentration of comedogenic (and possibly inflammatory lesion-inducing) free fatty acid in sebum. In vitro, inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis (if this occurs in vivo, may be another mechanism for suppression of inflammatory acne vulgaris lesions).
Therapeutic use
Bacterial vaginosis. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Severe acne. Prevention of infective endocarditis in individuals allergic to penicillins or ampicillin, when amoxicillin cannot be used.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Teratogenic effects not observed in animal studies. There are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Not recommended during lactation.
Unlabeled use
May be useful in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Toxoplasmosis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any component of the formulation. Previous pseudomembranous colitis, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis (topical and vaginal products).
Warnings and precautions
Can cause severe and possibly fatal colitis. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (caution in history of gastrointestinal disease). Use with caution in hepatic impairment. Use with caution in atopic patients. Some products may contain benzyl alcohol («gasping syndrome» in neonates). Some products may contain tartrazine (may cause allergic reactions). Vaginal products may weaken condoms, or contraceptive diaphragms.