Ethambutol
- Atc Codes:J04AK02
- CAS Codes:1070-11-7#74-55-5
- PHARMGKB ID:1070-11-7#74-55-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Etibi, Myambutol; Belgium: Myambutol; Bulgaria: Ethambutol; Czech Republic: Sural; Denmark: Myambutol; Finland: Oributol; France: Dexambutol, Myambutol; Germany: EMB-FATOL, Myambutol; Greece: Althocin, Blomison, Myambutol; Hungary: Etambutol, Sural; Ireland: Myambutol; Italy: Etambu C, Etapiam Fleb., Miambutol; Latvia: Amiobutols; Luxembourg: Myambutol; Malta: Ethambutol; Netherlands: Myambutol; Poland: Ethambutol; Portugal: Turresis; Romania: Etambutol; Slovakia: Sural; Spain: Myambutol; Sweden: Myambutol.
North America
Canada: Etibi; USA: Ethambutol, Myambutol.
Latin America
Argentina: Etambutol; Mexico: Dovalem, Etadotbal, Tambutec.
Asia
Japan: Ebutol, Esanbutol.
Drug combinations
Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampin
Chemistry
Ethambutol Hydrochloride: C~10~H~24~N~2~O~2~ 2HCl. Mw: 277.23. (1) 1-Butanol, 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)bis-, dihydrochloride, [S-(R*,R*)]-; (2)(+)-2,2′-(Ethylenediimino)-di-1-butanol dihydrochloride. CAS-1070-11-7; CAS-74-55-5 (ethambutol)(1963).
Pharmacologic Category
Antimycobacterials; Antituberculosis Agents. (ATC-Code: J04AK02).
Mechanism of action
A synthetic antituberculosis agent. Bacteriostatic in action. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, drug appears to inhibit synthesis of one or more metabolites in susceptible bacteria resulting in impairment of cellular metabolism, arrest of multiplication, and cell death.
Therapeutic use
Used in conjunction with other antituberculosis agents in the treatment of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Ethambutol has caused teratogenic effects in animals when used in high doses. Ophthalmic abnormalities reported in infants born to women who received antituberculosis regimens including ethambutol during pregnancy. Should be used during pregnancy only when potential benefits justify possible risks to the fetus. Caution if used during lactation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ethambutol or any component of the formulation. Optic neuritis. Children, unconscious patients, or any other patient unable to discern and report visual changes.
Warnings and precautions
Optic neuritis reported (use with caution in ocular defects (e.g. cataracts, recurrent ocular inflammatory conditions, optic neuritis, diabetic retinopathy)). Irreversible blindness also reported. Liver toxicities, including fatalities, reported. Must be given in conjunction with other antituberculosis agents for treatment of active tuberculosis. Use with caution in renal impairment. Not recommended for use in children <13 years of age unless benefit outweighs risk.