Ganciclovir
- Atc Codes:J05AB06#S01AD09#J05AB14
- CAS Codes:107910-75-8#82410-32-0
- PHARMGKB ID:107910-75-8#82410-32-0
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Toxicological Effects
- Genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Cymevene; Belgium: Cymevene, Virgan; Bulgaria: Cymevene; Cyprus: Cymevene; Czech Republic: Cymevene, Virgan; Denmark: Cymevene; Estonia: Cymevene; Finland: Cymevene; France: Cymevan, Virgan; Germany: Cymeven, Cymevene, Virgan; Greece: Cymevene, Virgan; Hungary: Cymevene, Virgan; Ireland: Cymevene; Italy: Citovirax, Cymevene, Virgan; Latvia: Cymevene; Lithuania: Cymevene; Luxembourg: Cymevene; Malta: Cymevene; Netherlands: Cymevene; Poland: Cymevene, Virgan; Portugal: Cymevene, Virgan; Romania: Cymevene, Virgan; Slovakia: Cymevene; Spain: Cymevene, Virgan; Sweden: Cymevene; UK: Cymevene.
North America
Canada: Cytovene, Vitrasert; USA: Ganciclovir, Vitrasert.
Latin America
Argentina: Ciganclor, Cymevene, Ganciclovir, Gasmilen, Grinevel, Neagel, Virgan; Brazil: Cymevene, Ganciclovir, Ganvirax; Mexico: Umecortil.
Asia
Japan: Denosine.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Ganciclovir Sodium: C~9~H~12~N~5~NaO~4~. Mw: 277.21. (1) 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-, monosodium salt; (2) 9-[[2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine, monosodium salt. CAS-107910-75-8; CAS-82410-32-0 (ganciclovir)(1988).
Pharmacologic Category
Antivirals; Nucleosides and Nucleotides. (ATC-Code: J05AB06; S01AD09; J05AB14).
Mechanism of action
Ganciclovir is phosphorylated to a substrate which competitively inhibits binding of deoxyguanosine triphosphate to DNA polymerase, resulting in inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunocompromised individuals, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Prophylaxis of CMV infection in transplant patients.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Animal studies demonstrated carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and inhibition of spermatogenesis. Use contraindicated during lactation.
Unlabeled use
May be given in combination with foscarnet in patients who relapse after monotherapy with either drug.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ganciclovir, acyclovir, or any component of formulation. Absolute neutrophil count <500/mm^3^. Platelet count <25000/mm^3^.
Warnings and precautions
Hazardous agent. Granulocytopenia (neutropenia), anemia, and thrombocytopenia might occur. Use with caution in renal impairment. Administer only into veins with good blood flow (to avoid local irritation). Mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic potential.