Glipizide
- Atc Codes:A10BB07
- CAS Codes:29094-61-9
- PHARMGKB ID:29094-61-9
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Glibenese, Minidiab; Belgium: Glibenese, Minidiab; Bulgaria: Glucopress, Glucotrol XL, Minidiab; Czech Republic: Minidiab; Denmark: Mindiab; Estonia: Glibenese; Finland: Mindiab; France: Glibenese, Glipizide, Minidiab, Ozidia; Greece: Glibenese, Minodiab, Ozidia; Hungary: Minidiab; Ireland: Glibenese; Italy: Minidiab; Latvia: Glucotrol XL; Lithuania: Glucotrol XL; Luxembourg: Glibenese, Minidiab; Poland: Antidiad, Glibenese, Glipizide, Minidiab; Portugal: Glipizida, Minidiab; Romania: Glipizid, Glucotrol; Slovakia: Glucotrol XL, Minidiab; Slovenia: Glucotrol XL; Spain: Minodiab; Sweden: Mindiab; UK: Glibenese, Minodiab.
North America
USA: Glipizide, Glucotrol.
Latin America
Argentina: Glipizida, Minodiab; Brazil: Minidiab; Mexico: Luditec, Minodiab, Pigloss, Prugal, Singloben.
Drug combinations
Glipizide and Metformin
Chemistry
Glipizide: C~21~H~27~N~5~O~4~S. Mw: 445.54. (1) Pyrazinecarboxamide, N-[2-[4-[[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]ethyl]-5-methyl-; (2) 1-Cyclohexyl-3-[[p-[2-(5-methyl-pyrazinecarboxamido)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea. CAS-29094-61-9. (1974)
Pharmacologic Category
Antidiabetic Agents; Sulfonylureas. (ATC-Code: A10BB07).
Mechanism of action
Sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent. Lowers blood glucose concentration in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Stimulates secretion of postprandial endogenous insulin from β-cells of pancreas. Insulin sensitivity increased at peripheral target sites.
Therapeutic use
Used alone or in fixed combination with metformin as adjunct to diet for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent) in patients whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by diet alone. Used in combination with one or more other oral antidiabetic agents or insulin as adjunct to diet and exercise in patients who do not achieve adequate glycemic control with diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic agent monotherapy. Alternative therapy in some type 2 diabetic patients being treated with insulin. Useful in combination with insulin therapy to improve glycemic control and/or decrease insulin dosage in some type 2 diabetic patients.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Adverse events observed in animal studies. Glipizide crosses placenta. Severe hypoglycemia lasting 4-10 days noted in infants born to mothers taking a sulfonylurea at time of delivery. Insulin is drug of choice for control of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Not recommended during lactation (hypoglycemia might occur in a nursing infant exposed to a sulfonylurea via breast milk).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to glipizide or any component of the formulation, other sulfonamides. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent, IDDM). Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Warnings and precautions
Hypoglycemia (rarely); possibly severe in geriatric patients, malnourished patients, and those with adrenal, pituitary, hepatic, or renal insufficiency. Possible loss of glycemic control during periods of stress (e.g. fever of any cause, trauma, infection, surgery). Generally, not recommended in severe renal or hepatic impairment (increased risk of hypoglycemia). Oral hypoglycemic drugs may be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet plus insulin. Sulfonamide allergy (use in sulfonamide allergy specifically contraindicated). Extended release formulation consists of drug within nondeformable matrix (avoid use in severe GI narrowing or esophageal dysmotility).