Insulin
- Atc Codes:A10A
- CAS Codes:11061-68-0
- PHARMGKB ID:11061-68-0
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Unlabeled Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Inhibits
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Actraphane, Actrapid, Huminsulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Belgium: Humuline, Insulatard, Mixtard; Bulgaria: Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard; Cyprus: Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Mixtrad, Protaphane; Czech Republic: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Denmark: Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insuman, Mixtard; Estonia: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Finland: Actrapid, Humulin, Insuman, Protophane; France: Actrapid, Insulatard, Insuplant, Mixtard; Umuline, Germany: Actraphane, Actrapid, Berlinsulin, Huma Ject Profil III, Huminsulin, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Greece: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Hungary: Humulin; Ireland: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Italy: Actrapid, Humulin, Insuman; Latvia: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Lithuania: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Luxembourg: Actraphane, Actrapid, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard; Malta: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Netherlands: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humuline, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Poland: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Inslulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Polhumin, Protaphane; Portugal: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; Spain: Actrapid, Humulina, Insulatard, Insuman; Sweden: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insulin Human Winthrop, Insuman, Mixtard, Protaphane; UK: Actraphane, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulatard, Insuman, Mixtard.
North America
Canada: Humulin, Novolin; USA: Humulin, Novolin.
Latin America
Argentina: Actraprid, Betalin, Densulin, Humulin, Insulatard, Insuman, Novolin; Brazil: Humulin, Insulina Humana (Biohulin), Insuman, Novolin; Mexico: Glinux, Humanilusin, Humulin, Insulex, Insulina Humana, Insulina Isofana, Insulina Zinc, Insuman, Novolin, Prodiabin N.
Asia
Japan: Humacart, Humulin, Innolet, Novolin, Penfill.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Insulin, Human: C~257~H~383~N~65~O~77~S~6~. Mw: 5807.57. A protein with normal structure of the natural antidiabetic principle produced by the human pancreas. CAS-11061-68-0 (1983).
Pharmacologic Category
Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes; Antidiabetic Agents; Insulins. Short-Acting Insulin. Antidote. (ATC-Code: A10A).
Mechanism of action
Insulin acts via specific membrane-bound receptors on target tissues to regulate metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fats. Normally secreted by pancreas, insulin products are manufactured for pharmacologic use through recombinant DNA technology using either E. coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent) unresponsive to treatment with diet and/or oral hypoglycemics, to improve glycemic control. Adjunct to parenteral nutrition. Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Insulin has not been found to cross placenta, but insulin bound to anti-insulin antibodies detected in cord blood. Maternal hyperglycemia can be associated with adverse effects in fetus, including macrosomia, neonatal hyperglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Insulin is drug of choice for control of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. All types of insulin safe for use while breast-feeding.
Unlabeled use
Hyperkalemia.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Hypoglycemia is common. Profound and prolonged episodes of hypoglycemia may result in convulsions, unconsciousness, temporary or permanent brain damage, or even death. Hypokalemia possible (use with caution in risk for hypokalemia). Use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment.