Isoniazid
- Atc Codes:J04AC01
- CAS Codes:54-85-3
- PHARMGKB ID:54-85-3
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: INH; Belgium: Nicotibine; Bulgaria: Isonid, Rimicid; Czech Republic: Nidrazid; Denmark: Isoniazid; Finland: Tubilysin; France: Isoniazide, Rimifon; Germany: Isozid, Tebesium-S; Greece: Dianicotyl, Isoniazid; Hungary: Isonicid; Italy: Isoniazi FN, Nicozid; Luxembourg: Nicotibine; Malta: Isoniazid; Netherlands: Isoniazide; Poland: Isoniazidum, Nidrazid; Portugal: Hidrazida, Isoniazida; Romania: Isoniazida; Slovakia: Nidrazid; Spain: Cemidon; Sweden: Tibinide; UK: Isoniazid.
North America
Canada: Isoniazid, Isotamine; USA: Isoniazid.
Latin America
Argentina: Isoniac, Isoniazida, Nicotibina; Mexico: Hidrasix, Isodo Tbal, Valifol.
Asia
Japan: Diazid, Hydra, Hydrazide, IHMS, INH, Iscotin, Neoiscotin.
Drug combinations
Isoniazid and Pyridoxine (Vitamin B~6~)
Isoniazid and Rifampin
Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampin
Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampin
Chemistry
Isoniazid: C~6~H~7~N~3~O. Mw: 137.14. (1) 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, hydrazide; (2) Isonicotinic acid hydrazide. CAS-54-85-3.
Pharmacologic Category
Antimycobacterials; Antituberculosis Agents. (ATC-Code: J04AC01).
Mechanism of action
A highly specific antibacterial agent; active only against Mycobacterium. Interferes with metabolism of bacterial proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Appears to inhibit mycolic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria which results in loss of acid-fastness and disruption of bacterial cell wall.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of susceptible or latent tuberculosis infections.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Embryocidal in animal studies. Teratogenic effects not noted. Isoniazid crosses human placenta. Due to risk of tuberculosis to fetus, treatment is recommended when probability of maternal disease is moderate to high. Small amounts of isoniazid are excreted in breast milk. Breast-feeding infants receiving isoniazid should also receive pyridoxine supplementation.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to isoniazid or any component of the formulation. Acute liver disease. Previous history of hepatic damage during isoniazid therapy. Previous severe adverse reaction (arthritis, chills, drug fever) to isoniazid.
Warnings and precautions
Risk of developing hepatitis. Use with caution in hepatic impairment, and in severe renal impairment. Periodic ophthalmic examinations recommended. Hypersensitivity reactions might occur. Peripheral neuritis reported. Must be used in conjunction with other antituberculosis agents. Used in infants and children for treatment of active (clinical) tuberculosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Contraindicated in acute liver disease.