Norfloxacin

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Toxicological Effects
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Floxacin, Norfloxacin, Zoroxin; Belgium: Norfloxacine, Zoroxin; Bulgaria: Nolicin, NorfloHEXAL; Cyprus: Noroxin, Pistofil, Trizolin; Czech Republic: Gyrablock, Nolicin; Estonia: Nolicin; Finland: Norfloxacin; France: Chibroxine, Norfloxacine, Noroxine; Germany: Bactracid, Barazan, Firin, Norflohexal, Norflosal, Norflox, Norfloxa, Norfloxacin, Norfluxx, Zoroxin; Greece: Constilax, Fluseminal, Grenis, Lorcamin, Norfloxacin, Norocin, Pistofil, Setanol, Sofasin, Urospes-N, Vetamol; Hungary: Nolicin, Norfloxacin; Italy: Flossac, Naflox, Norflox, Norfloxacina, Noroxin, Sebercim, Theanorf, Uticina, Utinor; Latvia: Nolicin, Norbactin, Norflox; Lithuania: Nolicin, Norbactin; Luxembourg: Chibroxol, Norflosal, Norfloxacine, Zoroxin; Malta: Fluseminal, Naflox, Utinor; Netherlands: Chibroxol, Norfloxacine; Poland: Chibroxin, Nolicin, Norbactin, Norsept; Portugal: Besflox, Chibroxol, Norfloxacina, Noroxin, Uroflox; Romania: Epinor, Nolicin, Nor Quin, Norflox, Norfloxacin, Norfloxacina; Slovakia: Gyrablock, Nolicin; Slovenia: Nolicin; Sweden: Norfloxacin; UK: Utinor.

North America

Canada: Apo-Norflox, Norfloxacin; USA: Noroxin.

Latin America

Argentina: Bio Tarbun, Floxamicin, Floxatral, Memento N.F., Nefronet, Norflol Oriental, Norfloxacina, Noroxin, Norsol, Parcetin, Ritromine, Urofos, Uro-Linfol, Uronovag, Uroseptal, Urotem, Uroxacin, Wenflox; Brazil: Androfloxin, Floxacin, Floxanor, Floxinol, Genitoflox, Neofloxin, Norflox, Norfloxacino, Norfloxasan-Norfloxacina, Norfloxil, Norfloxmed, Quinoform, Respexil, Uritrat, Uroseptal, Uroxazol-N; Mexico: Baxamed, Difoxacil, Floxacin, Microxin, Noflorox, Norbactin, Noroxin, Norquinol, Oranor.

Asia

Japan: Asudufe, Baccidal, Bacfamil, Bafurokisaru, Barocul, Basteen, Biscolet, Blemalart, Flobarl, Mariotton, Mitatonin, Noflo, Nofloxan, Nofxan, Norfloxacin, Notler, Noxacin, Shinun, Sinnorf, Stbanil, Towakisan, Unasera, Xaflor.

Drug combinations

Norfloxacin and Phenazopyridine

Chemistry

Norfloxacin: C~16~H~18~FN~3~O~3~. Mw: 319.33. (1) 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-; (2) 1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. CAS-70458-96-7 (1984).

Pharmacologic Category

Antibacterials; Quinolones. (ATC-Code: J01MA06; S01AX12).

Mechanism of action

A DNA gyrase inhibitor. DNA gyrase is required for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition. Bactericidal.

Therapeutic use

Uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Sexually-transmitted disease (e.g. uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhea) caused by N. gonorrhoeae. Prostatitis due to E. coli.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Teratogenic effects not reported with norfloxacin in animal studies; however, embryonic loss reported with one species. Norfloxacin crosses placenta. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Potential risk to fetus must be balanced against severity of potential illness. Excretion in breast milk unknown (not recommended in nursing women).

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to norfloxacin, quinolones, or any component of the formulation. History of tendonitis or tendon rupture associated with quinolone use.

Warnings and precautions

Fluoroquinolones associated with development of serious, and sometimes fatal, hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia also associated with use of fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones may prolong QTc interval (avoid use in history of QTc prolongation, uncorrected hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, or concurrent administration of other medications known to prolong the QT interval (including Class Ia and Class III antiarrhythmics, cisapride, erythromycin, antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants)). Adverse effects (e.g. tendon rupture, QT changes) may be increased in the elderly. Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, occurred with quinolone therapy (reactions may present as typical allergic symptoms (e.g. itching, urticaria, rash, edema) after a single dose, or may manifest as severe idiosyncratic dermatologic (e.g. Stevens-Johnson, toxic epidermal necrolysis), vascular (e.g. vasculitis), pulmonary (e.g. pneumonitis), renal (e.g. nephritis), hepatic (e.g. hepatic failure or necrosis), and/or hematologic (e.g. anemia, cytopenias) events, usually after multiple doses). Tremor, restlessness, confusion, and very rarely hallucinations or seizures may occur (use with caution in known or suspected CNS disorder). Avoid excessive sunlight (may cause moderate-to-severe phototoxicity reactions). Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Use of quinolones linked to peripheral neuropathy (rare). Use caution with renal impairment. Reports of tendon inflammation and/or rupture with quinolone antibiotics (risk may be increased with concurrent corticosteroids, particularly in the elderly). Some quinolones may exacerbate myasthenia gravis, use with caution (rare, potentially life-threatening weakness of respiratory muscles may occur). Use with caution in risk of seizures (CNS disorders or concurrent therapy with medications which may lower seizure threshold). Potential for seizures, although very rare, may be increased with concomitant NSAID therapy. Other quinolones caused transient arthropathy in children.

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