Nortriptyline

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Unlabeled Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Toxicological Effects
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Nortrilen; Belgium: Nortrilen; Czech Republic: Nortrilen; Denmark: Noritren; Estonia: Noritren; Finland: Noritren; Germany: Nortrilen; Italy: Noritren; Latvia: Noritren; Lithuania: Nortrilen; Luxembourg: Nortrilen; Malta: Nortrilen, Nortriptyline; Netherlands: Nortrilen; Portugal: Norterol; Sweden: Sensaval; UK: Allegron.

North America

Canada: Aventyl, Nortriptyline, Norventyl; USA: Aventyl, Nortriptyline, Pamelor.

Latin America

Brazil: Nortrip, Nortriptilina, Pamelor.

Asia

Japan: Noritren.

Drug combinations

Nortriptyline and Perphenazine

Chemistry

Nortriptyline Hydrochloride: C~19~H~21~N HCl. Mw: 299.84. (1) 1-Propanamine, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N-methyl-, hydrochloride; (2) 10,11-Dihydro-N-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-Δ^5,γ^-propylamine hydrochloride. CAS-894-71-3; CAS-72-69-5 (nortriptyline)(1963).

Pharmacologic Category

Antidepressants; Tricyclics and Other Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors. Secondary Amine Tricyclic Antidepressant. (ATC-Code: N06AA10).

Mechanism of action

Traditionally believed to increase synaptic concentration of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in CNS by inhibition of their reuptake by presynaptic neuronal membrane. However, additional receptor effects have been found including desensitization of adenyl cyclase, down-regulation of β-adrenergic receptors, and down-regulation of serotonin receptors.

Therapeutic use

Treatment of symptoms of depression.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Use with caution in pregnant women (risk to fetus). Enters breast milk (contraindicated in nursing women).

Unlabeled use

Chronic pain, anxiety disorders, enuresis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Adjunctive therapy for smoking cessation.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to nortriptyline and similar chemical classes, or any component of the formulation. Use of MAOIs within 14 days. Use during acute recovery phase of MI.

Warnings and precautions

Antidepressants increase risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Nortriptyline not FDA approved for use in children. May worsen psychosis in some patients or precipitate shift to mania or hypomania in bipolar disorder. Monotherapy in bipolar disorder should be avoided. Nortriptyline not FDA approved for treatment of bipolar depression. May cause anticholinergic effects (constipation, xerostomia, blurred vision, urinary retention); use with caution in decreased gastrointestinal motility, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, BPH, xerostomia, or visual problems. Degree of anticholinergic blockade produced by this agent is moderate relative to other antidepressants. TCAs may rarely cause bone marrow suppression. May cause orthostatic hypotension (risk low relative to other antidepressants). May cause sedation. Use with caution in history of cardiovascular disease (including previous MI, stroke, tachycardia, or conduction abnormalities), in diabetes mellitus (may alter glucose regulation), in hepatic and renal impairment, and in risk of seizures, including patients with history of seizures, head trauma, brain damage, alcoholism, or concurrent therapy with medications which may lower seizure threshold. Use with caution in hyperthyroidism or patients receiving thyroid supplementation due to concerns of pro-arrhythmogenesis. Effects may be potentiated when used with other sedative drugs or ethanol. Use with caution in the elderly. Recommended to discontinue prior to elective surgery requiring general anesthesia. Therapy should not be abruptly discontinued in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods. May increase risks associated with electroconvulsive therapy.

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