Progesterone

Table of contents

  • Brand Names
  • Drug Combinations
  • Chemistry
  • Pharmacologic Category
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Therapeutic Use
  • Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
  • Contraindications
  • Warnings and Precautions
  • Adverse Reactions
  • Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
  • Other genes that may be involved
  • Substrate of
  • Inhibits
  • Drug Interactions
  • Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
  • Dosage
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Special Considerations

Brand Names

Europe

Austria: Prid, Utrogestan; Belgium: Progestogel; Bulgaria: Progestogel, Utrogestan; Cyprus: Cyclogest; Czech Republic: Agolutin, Crinone, Lutinus, Utrogestan; Denmark: Crinone, Progesteron; Finland: Crinone, Lugesteron; France: Estima, Manaelle, Progesterone, Progestogel, Utrogestan; Germany: Crinone, Progesteron, Progestogel, Utrogest, Utrogestan; Greece: Crinone, Gestone, Lutorm, Progestogel, Proluton, Promenorea, Titho, Tocofer, Utrogestan, Vasclor; Hungary: Crinone, Utrogestan; Ireland: Crinone, Lutinus, Utrogestan; Italy: Crinone, Progestogel; Luxembourg: Progestogel, Utrogestan; Netherlands: Lutinus, Utrogestan; Poland: Luteina, Progesteronum, Utrogestan; Portugal: Crinone, Progestogel, Utrogestan; Romania: Arefam, Mastoprofen, Progestogel, Utrogestan; Slovakia: Agolutin, Crinone, Neolutin, Utrogestan; Spain: Crinone, Darstín, Progeffik, Utrogestan; Sweden: Crinone, Lutinus; UK: Crinone, Cyclogest, Gestone, Utrogestan.

North America

Canada: Crinone, Progesterone, Prometrium; USA: Crinone, Endometrin, Progesterone, Prometrium.

Latin America

Argentina: Crinone, Gester, Mafel, Progest, Progesterona, Prolutón, Ultragestán; Brazil: Crinone, Evocanil, Utrogestán; Mexico: Crinone, Cuerpo Amarillo Fuerte, Gepromi, Geslutín, Gestágeno, Premastán, Prosphere, Utrogestán.

Asia

Japan: Luteum, Progehormon, Progeston.

Drug combinations

Progesterone and Estradiol

Progesterone, Estriol, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Chemistry

Progesterone: C~21~H~30~O2. Mw: 314.46. Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. CAS-57-83-0.

Pharmacologic Category

Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes; Progestins. (ATC-Code: G03DA04).

Mechanism of action

Natural steroid hormone which induces secretory changes in endometrium, promotes mammary gland development, relaxes uterine smooth muscle, blocks follicular maturation and ovulation, and maintains pregnancy.

Therapeutic use

Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in nonhysterectomized, postmenopausal women receiving conjugated estrogen tablets. Secondary amenorrhea. Abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance. Part of assisted reproductive technology for infertile women with progesterone deficiency.

Pregnancy and lactiation implications

Increased risk of minor birth defects in children whose mothers take progesterones during first 4 months of pregnancy. If needed, use should be restricted to women with history of previous spontaneous abortion at <37 weeks. Vaginal gel and tablet indicated for use in assisted reproductive technology. Oral capsules contraindicated for use during pregnancy. Enters breast milk (use caution).

Unlabeled use

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to progesterone or any component of the formulation. Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding. History of or current thrombophlebitis or venous thromboembolic disorders. Active or recent (within 1 year) arterial thromboembolic disease (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction). Known or suspected carcinoma of breast or genital organs. Hepatic dysfunction or disease. Missed abortion or ectopic pregnancy. Diagnostic test for pregnancy. Capsules also contraindicated for use during pregnancy.

Warnings and precautions

Increased risk of invasive breast cancer observed in postmenopausal women using conjugated equine estrogens in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate. An increase in abnormal mammograms also reported with estrogen and progestin therapy. Progesterone might cause transient dizziness or drowsiness during initial therapy. Risk of dementia may be increased in postmenopausal women. Pending examination should be discontinued in cases of sudden partial or complete vision loss, sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine. Progestins used in combination with estrogen should not be used to prevent coronary heart disease (use caution with cardiovascular disease or dysfunction). Progestins used in combination with estrogen may increase risks of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis. Use with caution in history of depression, and in diseases which may be exacerbated by fluid retention, including asthma, epilepsy, migraine, diabetes, or renal dysfunction. Not for use prior to menarche. Whenever possible, progestins in combination with estrogens should be discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to and for 2 weeks following elective surgery associated with increased risk of thromboembolism or during periods of prolonged immobilization. Some products may contain benzyl alcohol, palm oil, peanut oil, or sesame oil.

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