Stavudine
- Atc Codes:J05AF04
- CAS Codes:3056-17-5
- PHARMGKB ID:3056-17-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Zerit; Belgium: Zerit; Bulgaria: Zerit; Cyprus: Zerit; Czech Republic: Zerit; Denmark: Zerit; Estonia: Zerit; Finland: Zerit; France: Zerit; Germany: Zerit; Greece: Zerit; Hungary: Zerit; Ireland: Zerit; Italy: Zerit; Latvia: Zerit; Lithuania: Zerit; Luxembourg: Zerit; Malta: Zerit; Netherlands: Zerit; Poland: Zerit; Portugal: Zerit; Romania: Zerit; Slovakia: Zerit; Slovenia: Zerit; Spain: Zerit; Sweden: Zerit; UK: Zerit.
North America
Canada: Zerit; USA: Zerit.
Latin America
Argentina: Estavudina, Lion, S.T.V. Elvetium, Stamar, Stavubergen, Stavudina, Tonavir, Zerit; Brazil: Zeritavir; Mexico: Estavudin, Landstav, Ranstar, Zerit.
Drug combinations
Stavudine and Lamivudine
Stavudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine
Chemistry
Stavudine: C~10~H~12~N~2~O~4~. Mw: 224.21. (1) Thymidine, 2′,3′-didehydro-3′-deoxy-; (2) 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-β-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine. CAS-3056-17-5 (1991).
Pharmacologic Category
Antiretrovirals; Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. (ATC-Code: J05AF04).
Mechanism of action
Analog of thymidine, a naturally-occurring pyrimidine. Active in vitro against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Inhibits replication of HIV by interfering with viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). Strains of HIV resistant to stavudine may be cross-resistant to some other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Therapeutic use
HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
There are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Excretion in breast milk unknown (contraindicated in nursing women).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to stavudine or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
May cause fat redistribution. Patients may develop immune reconstitution syndrome resulting in occurrence of inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infection. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis reported with nucleoside analogs, including fatal cases (combination therapy with didanosine may increase risk; use with caution in risk factors for liver disease). Severe motor weakness (resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome) reported. Pancreatitis occurred during combination therapy with didanosine (with or without hydroxyurea). Use with caution in pre-existing peripheral neuropathy, in pre-existing bone marrow suppression, and in renal impairment. Combination with didanosine may increase risk of hepatotoxicity/pancreatitis (avoid this combination). Use with caution in combination with interferon alpha with or without ribavirin in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. Zidovudine should not be used in combination with stavudine.