Tetracycline
- Atc Codes:J01AA
- CAS Codes:60-54-8#6416-04-2#64-75-5
- PHARMGKB ID:60-54-8#6416-04-2#64-75-5
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Other genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Induces
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Achromycin; Bulgaria: Imex, Tetracycline; Cyprus: Imex, Medocycline, Tetracycline; Denmark: Tetracyclin; Estonia: Imex, Tetracyclin; Finland: Apocyclin, Oricyclin; France: Florocycline, Hexacycline, Tetramig; Germany: Achromycin, Imex, Tefilin, Tetracyclin; Greece: Imex, Muvito, Tetrac, Tracyclin; Hungary: Tetracyclin; Italy: Ambramicina, Tetrac C; Latvia: Imex, Tetraciklīns; Lithuania: Imex; Netherlands: Tetracycline; Poland: Juvesan, Tetracyclinum; Portugal: Tetraciclina; Romania: Tetraciclina; Spain: Quimpe Antibiótico, Tetraciclina; Sweden: Tetracyklin; UK: Tetracycline.
North America
Canada: Apo-Tetra, Tetracycline; USA: Bristacycline, Sumycin, Tetracycline.
Latin America
Argentina: Ciclotetryl, Tetraciclina; Brazil: Ambra-Sinto T, Aureciclina-Tetraciclina, Cinatrex, Infex, Parenzyme, Prociclina, Tetracaps, Tetraciclina, Tetracilil, Tetracina, Tetraclin, Tetragel, Tetraxil, Tetrex; Mexico: Acromicina, Ambotetra, Berciclina, Biotricina, Ditral, Educiclina, Miciclin, Neoprobal, Oxi-T, Profalin, Quimocyclar, Senociclin, Solclin, TE-BR-250, Teclizima, Terrakal, Tetrapar, Tetrapres, Tetra-Zil, Tetrex, Tetrim.
Asia
Japan: Achromycin, Tetracycline.
Drug combinations
Tetracycline and Amphotericin B
Tetracycline and Naproxen
Tetracycline, Bismuth, and Metronidazole
Tetracycline, Dequalinium, and Prednisone
Tetracycline, Lansoprazole, and Metronidazole
Chemistry
Tetracycline: C~22~H~24~N~2~O~8~. Mw: 444.43. (1) 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, [4S-(4α,4aα,5aα,6β,12aα)]-; (2)(4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. CAS-60-54-8; CAS-6416-04-2 (trihydrate).
Tetracycline Hydrochloride: C~22~H~24~N~2~O~8~ HCl. Mw: 480.90. (1) 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, monohydrochloride, [4S-(4α,4aα,5aα,6β,12aα)]-; (2)(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride. CAS-64-75-5.
Pharmacologic Category
Antibacterials; Tetracyclines. Antiprotozoals; Antimalarials. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents; Antibacterials. (ATC-Code: J01AA).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with 30 S and possibly 50 S ribosomal subunit(s) of susceptible bacteria. May also cause alterations in cytoplasmic membrane.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Also infections due to Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia. Indicated for acne. Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and treatment of gonorrhea and syphilis in allergy to penicillin. As part of a multidrug regimen for H. pylori eradication to reduce risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Should not be used during pregnancy. In addition to affecting tooth development, tetracycline use associated with retardation of skeletal development and reduced bone growth. Not recommended in nursing women.
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to tetracycline or any component of the formulation. Should not be administered to children ≤8 years of age. Pregnancy.
Warnings and precautions
May be associated with increases in BUN secondary to antianabolic effects (use caution in renal impairment). Outdated drug can cause nephropathy. May cause photosensitivity. Pseudotumor cerebri (rarely) reported with tetracycline use. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. Hepatotoxicity reported rarely (risk may be increased in pre-existing hepatic or renal impairment). Use with caution in renal impairment. May cause tissue hyperpigmentation, enamel hypoplasia, or permanent tooth discoloration in children. Use of tetracyclines should be avoided during tooth development (children ≤8 years of age) unless other drugs not likely to be effective or contraindicated. Recommended in treatment of anthrax exposure. Should not be used during pregnancy.