Trimethoprim
- Atc Codes:J01EA01
- CAS Codes:738-70-5#56585-33-2
- PHARMGKB ID:738-70-5#56585-33-2
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Drug Combinations
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Genes that may be involved
- Substrate of
- Inhibits
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Special Considerations
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Infectotrimet, Motrim, Triprim; Czech Republic: Triprim; Estonia: Trimetop; Finland: Trimetin, Trimex, Trimopan; Germany: Infectotrimet; Ireland: Monotrim, Trimoptin; Latvia: Trimetop; Lithuania: Trimetop; Luxembourg: Wellcoprim; Netherlands: Trimethoprim; Poland: Trimesan, Urotrim; Slovakia: Triprim; Spain: Tediprima; Sweden: Idotrim, Trimetoprim; UK: Trimethoprim.
North America
Canada: Trimethoprim; USA: Primsol, Trimethoprim.
Drug combinations
Trimethoprim and Polymyxin B
Trimethoprim and Rifampin
Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim and Sulfametrole
Trimethoprim, Bromhexine, and Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim, Dexamethasone, and Polymyxin B
Trimethoprim, Bromhexine, Guaiacol, and Sulfamethoxazole
Chemistry
Trimethoprim: C~14~H~18~N~4~O~3~. Mw: 290.32. (1) 2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]. CAS-738-70-5 (1964).
Trimethoprim Sulfate: (C~14~H~18~N~4~O~3~)~2~ H~2~SO~4~. Mw: 678.71. (1) 2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 5-[(3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-, sulfate (2:1); (2) 2,4-Diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine sulfate (2:1). CAS-56585-33-2 (1984).
Pharmacologic Category
Urinary Anti-infectives. (ATC-Code: J01EA01).
Mechanism of action
Inhibits folic acid reduction to tetrahydrofolate, and thereby inhibits microbial growth.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus including S. Saprophyticus. Acute otitis media in children. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults. In combination with other agents for treatment of toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii. Treatment of superficial ocular infections involving conjunctiva and cornea.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
As trimethoprim may interfere with folic acid metabolism, consider use only if potential benefit to mother outweighs possible risk to fetus. Enters breast milk (use caution).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or any component of the formulation. Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.
Warnings and precautions
Use with caution in potential folate deficiency (malnourished, chronic anticonvulsant therapy, or elderly). Use with caution in hepatic and renal impairment. Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.